【管理类】项目管理（全英文版）(15)

AGUIDETOTHEPROJECTMANAGEMENTBODYOFKNOWLEDGEPMIStandardsCommitteeWilliamR.Duncan,DirectorofStandardsProjectManagementInstitute130SouthStateRoadUpperDarby,PA19082USALibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAguidetotheprojectmanagementbodyofknowledge.p.cm.“1996ed.”—Pref.“This...supersedesPMI’sProjectManagementBodyofKnowledge(PMBOK)documentthatwaspublishedin1987”—Pref.Includesindex.ISBN:1-880410-12-5(pbk.:alk.paper)ISBN:1-880410-13-3(hdbk)1.Industrialprojectmanagement.I.ProjectManagementInstitute.II.Projectmanagementbodyofknowledge(PMBOK)HD69.P75G8451996658.4’04—dc2095-39934CIPPMICommunicationswelcomescorrectionsandcommentsonitsdocuments.Inadditiontocom-mentsdirectedtothePMIStandardsCommitteeaboutthesubstanceofAGuidetotheProjectManagementBodyofKnowledge,pleasefeelfreetosendcommentsontypographical,formatting,orothererrors.SimplymakeacopyoftherelevantpageofthePMBOKGuide,marktheerror,andsenditto:PMICommunications,40ColonialSquare,Sylva,NC28779USA,phone:[phone],fax:[phone],e-mail:[e-mail]©1996bytheProjectManagementInstitute.Allrightsreserved.Permissiontorepublishinfullisgrantedfreely.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,manual,photocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandre-trievalsystem,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.SendpermissionrequesttoPer-missions,PMICommunications,40ColonialSquare,Sylva,NC28779USA.PrintedandboundbyAutomatedGraphicSystems,Charlotte,NC,USA.PMIpublicationsareavailableatspecialquantitydiscounts.Formoreinformation,pleasewritetotheBusinessManager,PMICommunications,40ColonialSquare,Sylva,NC28779USAorcon-tactyourlocalbookstore.ThepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththePermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNationalInformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48—1984).10987654321ListofFiguresviPrefacetothe1996EditionviiI.TheProjectManagementFrameworkChapter1Introduction3Chapter2TheProjectManagementContext11Chapter3ProjectManagementProcesses27II.TheProjectManagementKnowledgeAreasChapter4ProjectIntegrationManagement39Chapter5ProjectScopeManagement47Chapter6ProjectTimeManagement59Chapter7ProjectCostManagement73Chapter8ProjectQualityManagement83Chapter9ProjectHumanResourceManagement93Chapter10ProjectCommunicationsManagement103Chapter11ProjectRiskManagement111Chapter12ProjectProcurementManagement123III.AppendicesAppendixATheProjectManagementInstituteStandards-SettingProcess137AppendixBEvolutionofPMI’sAGuidetotheProjectManagementBodyofKnowledge139AppendixCContributorsandReviewers141AppendixDNotes145AppendixEApplicationAreaExtensions147AppendixFAdditionalSourcesofInformationonProjectManagement149AppendixGSummaryofProjectManagementKnowledgeAreas151IV.GlossaryandIndexGlossary157Index173CONTENTScLISTOFFIGURESFigure1–1OverviewofProjectManagementKnowledgeAreasandProjectManagementProcesses7Figure1–2RelationshipofProjectManagementtoOtherManagementDisciplines9Figure2–1SampleGenericLifeCycle12Figure2–2RepresentativeLifeCycleforDefenseAcquisition,perUSDOD5000.2(Rev2/26/93)13Figure2–3RepresentativeConstructionProjectLifeCycle,perMorris14Figure2–4RepresentativeLifeCycleforaPharmaceuticalsProject,perMurphy15Figure2–5RepresentativeSoftwareDevelopmentLifeCycle,perMuench(reprintedbypermission,Sybase,Inc.,©1994)16Figure2–6OrganizationalStructureInfluencesonProjects18Figure2–7FunctionalOrganization19Figure2–8ProjectizedOrganization19Figure2–9WeakMatrixOrganization21Figure2–10BalancedMatrixOrganization21Figure2–11StrongMatrixOrganization22Figure2–12CompositeOrganization22Figure3–1LinksAmongProcessesinaPhase28Figure3–2OverlapofProcessGroupsinaPhase29Figure3–3InteractionBetweenPhases29Figure3–4RelationshipsAmongtheInitiatingProcesses30Figure3–5RelationshipsAmongthePlanningProcesses31Figure3–6RelationshipsAmongtheExecutingProcesses33Figure3–7RelationshipsAmongtheControllingProcesses34Figure3–8RelationshipsAmongtheClosingProcesses35Figure4–1ProjectIntegrationManagementOverview41Figure4–2CoordinatingChangesAcrosstheEntireProject45Figure5–1ProjectScopeManagementOverview48Figure5–2SampleWorkBreakdownStructureforDefenseMaterielItems54Figure5–3SampleWorkBreakdownStructureOrganizedbyPhase55Figure5–4SampleWorkBreakdownStructureforWasteWaterTreatmentPlant55Figure6–1ProjectTimeManagementOverview60Figure6–2NetworkLogicDiagramDrawnUsingthePrecedenceDiagrammingMethod63Figure6–3NetworkLogicDiagramDrawnUsingtheArrowDiagrammingMethod64Figure6–4PERTDurationCalculation68Figure6–5ProjectNetworkDiagramwithScheduledDates69Figure6–6Bar(Gantt)Chart69Figure6–7MilestoneChart70Figure6–8Time-ScaledNetworkDiagram70Figure7–1ProjectCostManagementOverview74Figure7–2IllustrativeCostBaselineDisplay79Figure8–1ProjectQualityManagementOverview84Figure8–2Cause-and-EffectDiagram(reprintedfromLewisR.Ireland,QualityManagementforProjectsandPrograms,ProjectManagementInstitute,1991)86Figure8–3SampleProcessFlowchart(reprintedfromLewisR.Ireland,QualityManagementforProjectsandPrograms,ProjectManagementInstitute,1991)87Figure8–4ControlChartofProjectSchedulePerformance(reprintedfromLewisR.Ireland,Qua