上海高考英语语法复习定语从句

定语从句英语语法复习十•定语从句（形容词性从句）在句中做____成分，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即_____。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语先行词关系代词：主语宾语定语指人指物who/that(whom/who/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whose/ofwhich关系副词：where,when,why准关系代词：as,but,than限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别•Iwon’tforgettheplacewhereIwasborn.•Iwon'tforgetShanghai,whereIwasborn.•TheGreatWall,whichwasbuiltinancienttimes,isoneofthewondersintheworld.1）限制性定语从句是先行词____去掉的部分，去掉它主句意思往往__明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的____，去掉了也____影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用_____分开。2）当先行词是_______或__________的事物和人时，用非限制性定语从句。3）关系代词that,than,but；关系副词why，只用于________定语从句。不可不补充说明不会专有名词世上独一无二限制性逗号关系代词引导的定语从句1．that,which引导的定语从句•Theylikethetrees____________theyplanted.•Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?•Thisisthecoolestcellphone_____Ihaveeverseen.•Thisistheverylaptop______Iamdyingfor.•Theytalkedofthingsandpersons______theyremembered.•Whoistheman_____istalkingtoJohn?•Theflatin______shelivesisalargeone.(which/that)(that)(that)(that)(that)thatwhich*必须用that的情况1）先行词是不定代词，或被不定代词修饰时。如：______________________________________________________________________________2）先行词被序数词，如：______________________，或形容词高级修饰时。3）先行词被___________________________修饰时。4）先行词既指____又指____时。5）为了避免重复，主句中已有疑问词___________时。6）当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作______时。翻译：中国已经不是以前的中国了。_________________________________________something,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,any,all,theoneetc.first,last,nexttheonly,thevery人物which/who表语Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.*必须用which的情况•在_________定语从句中。•当关系代词前有_____时。非限制性介词2．who,whom引导的定语从句•Theman_________toldmethenewsrefusedtogivemehisname.•Theman__________________youweretalkingabouthascometoinspectourschool.=Themanabout___________youweretalkinghascometoinspectourschool.•Godhelpsthose_______helpthemselves.who/that(whom/who/that)whomwhoConclusionwho在从句中通常作________，也可作________；whom在从句中作__________________。当先行词为those/one/he时，指人通常用_______。主语宾语宾语或介词宾语who3．whose,ofwhich引导的定语从句__________sides•Thepath____________thesidesthesides_____________arecoveredwithtreesextendstotheforest.whoseofwhichofwhich关系代词的省略1）在限制性定语从句中充当______________的关系代词可以省略。2）当关系代词充当介词宾语时，若该介词位于从句中相应动词___________，则可以省略；若该介词位于关系代词____________，则不可以省略。e.g.Theflat________________shelivesinisalargeone.Theflatin_________shelivesisalargeone.3）way后面引导定语从句的_________________可以省略。（注意：连词在从句中充当方式状语）e.g.That’stheway_______________________heansweredthequestion.动词宾语之后之前(that/which)whichthat/inwhich(inwhich/that)Today’sEventsDec.9•Dictation•Check动词练习&一模卷•Check关系代词练习•Learn关系副词关系副词引导的定语从句•Ishallneverforgettheday_______________mydaughterwasborn.•Thecompany________________Iworkisnotfarfromhere.•Theywereinadifficultsituation__________________alleffortswereinvain.(白费)•Wedon’tknowthereason__________________thedoctordidn’tcome.when/onwhichwhere/inwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhichConclusionwhen指代时间，在从句中作________________；where在从句中作______________，也可表示场合，情况或方面的名词，如：____________________________________；why引导的定语从句常修饰reason，作_________。关系副词在从句中作状语，可转换成________________形式。但在非限制性定语从句中，“_________________”结构不能代替关系副词。e.g.Theysetupastatefortheirown,_______theywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.时间状语地点状语case,condition,situation,point,position原因状语介词+which介词+whichwhere判断关系代词与关系副词•Thisisthemountainvillage___________Istayedlastyear.•Thisisthemountainvillage________________Ivisitedlastyear.•I’llneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedtogetherwithyou.•Iwillneverforgetthedays_______________Ispentinthecountryside.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于_____________________where(which/that)when(which/that)定语从句中所缺的成分比较下列相似结构的句子•Isthisschool______________youvisitedtheotherday？•Isthisschool______________youvisitedyouruncletheotherday？•Isthistheschool________________youvisitedtheotherday？•Isthistheschool________________youvisitedyouruncletheotherday？theone(that)where(that/which)where介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句判断介词是否用对的一个有效方法是：定语从句中____________＋___________＋____________是否通顺，如果通顺则说明介词选对了。•Thegirl_______whomyouworkishisgirlfriend.•Thegoals______whichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.•She’smarriedtoaphysician______whomyoumayhaveheard.•Hehasgivenmesomereferencebooks________whichIamnotfamiliar.谓语动词介词先行词withforofwith熟悉一些短语，准确使用介词如：withone’shelp→withwhosehelp，inone’shonor→inwhosehonor，inthiscase→inwhichcase•Weextendedourwarmwelcometothevisitingdelegation_______________honoragrandbanquetwasgiven.•Hemaybelate,_______________caseweoughttowaitforhim.•Helenalwayslendsherwarmhandtome,_______________helpIcansuccessfullypassalltheexaminations.inwhoseinwhichwithwhose•有些“动词＋介词”构成的短语动词被看成是不可分割的整体，介词______（能/不能）移到关系代词前。如：________________________________________________________•翻译：护士们正在照看的婴儿非常健康。________________________________________________________lookafter,lookfor,putoff,giveup,takecareof,payattentionto,callon,putupwith不能Thebabies(whom/who)thenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词引导定语从句•Shehaswrittenabook,thenameof___________hasbeenforgotten.•Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allof_____________areworkinghard.•Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestof____________isAsia.whichwhomwhichas的用法1．引导限制性定语从句：as…as;such…as;so…as;thesame…as*区别1：（填写连词）I’veneverseensuchacleverboy