中国CDM能力建设项目培训讲义(1)

2019/9/6Slide1基准和额外性Baselinesandadditionality中国CDM能力建设项目培训讲义TrainingMaterialBuildingCapacityfortheCDMinChina2019/9/6Slide2基准线情景：Thebaselinescenario基准线（基准线情景）：Baseline（baselinescenario)对没有CDM项目活动的情况下，对GHG排放趋势情况的预测ScenarioforecastedtoshowthetrendofanthropogenicGHGemissionsthatwouldoccurintheabsenceoftheproposedCDMproject.项目情景：Projectscenario对有CDM项目活动的情况下，对GHG排放趋势情景的预测ScenarioforecasttoshowthetrendofanthropogenicGHGemissionsthatwouldoccurwiththeproposedCDMprojectintervention.2019/9/6Slide3基准线：BaselineCDM项目活动的基准线是一种假设情况合理代表在不开展拟议项目活动的情况下的温室气体人为源排放量。基准线应涵盖项目内附件A所列所有气体部门和源类别的排放量ThebaselineforaCDMprojectactivityisthescenariothatreasonablyrepresentstheanthropogenicemissionsbysourcesofgreenhousegasesthatwouldoccurintheabsenceoftheproposedprojectactivity.Abaselineshallcoveremissionsfromallgases,sectorsandsourcecategorieslistedinAnnexAwithintheprojectboundary.基准线可包含一种假设情况。这种假设情况预计未来人为源排放量因项目东道国的具体情况将超过目前水平Thebaselinemayincludeascenariowherefutureanthropogenicemissionsbysourcesareprojectedtoriseabovecurrentlevels,duetothespecificcircumstancesofthehostParty.CDMmodalities&procedures,paragraph44&462019/9/6Slide4基准线方法：Baselineapproaches(MA48)a)现有实际排放量或历史排放量（如使用时）b)在考虑到投资障碍的情况下，一种代表有经济吸引力的技术方案所产生的排放量c)在过去五年同等社会经济环境和技术状况下，类似项目活动的平均排放量在同一类别位居前20%a)Existingactualorhistoricalemissions,asapplicable;b)Emissionsfromatechnologythatrepresentsaneconomicallyattractivecourseofaction,takingintoaccountbarrierstoinvestment;c)Theaverageemissionsofsimilarprojectactivitiesundertakeninthepreviousfiveyears,insimilarsocial,economic,environmentalandtechnologicalcircumstances,andwhoseperformanceisamongthetop20percentoftheircategory.基准线方法的选择应从下列各项中选择最适合该项目活动的方法并就其选择说明理由Selectfromamongthefollowingapproachestheonedeemedmostappropriatefortheprojectactivityandjustifytheappropriatenessofyourchoice:2019/9/6Slide5建立基准线：Establishingabaseline以一个具体项目为基础依照所使用的已批准的或新的方法学之要求以透明的和保守的方式选择进行方法、假设条件、方法学、数据源、关键因素及额外性，并考虑不确定性考虑与项目业别有关的国家或产亚政策和具体情况，如产亚改革行动、当地燃料供应、动力部门扩展计划以及其他经济条件如果小型CDM项目活动，应依简化的程序建立活动，以符合简化的准择要求Onaproject-specificbasis;InaccordancewithprovisionsfortheuseofapprovedandnewmethodologiesInatransparentandconservativemannermannerregardingthechoiceofapproaches,assumptions,methodologies,parameters,datasources,keyfactorsandadditionality,andtakingintoaccountuncertainty;Takingintoaccountrelevantnationaland/orsectorpoliciesandcircumstances,suchassectorreforminitiatives,localfuelavailability,powersectorexpansionplans,andtheeconomicsituationintheprojectsector.Inthecaseofsmall-scaleCDMprojectactivitieswhichmeetthecriteriaspecifiedinaccordancewithsimplifiedproceduresdevelopedforsuchactivities;2019/9/6Slide7额外性要求：AdditionalityrequirementsCDM项目的温室气体减排应与减缓气候变化有关的真实的、可测量的和长期的效益GHGemissionreductionsofCDMprojectsshallbereal,measurable,andassurelong-termbenefitsrelatedtothemitigationofclimatechangeCDM项目温室气体的减排放应是在没有经证明的项目活动的情况下所产生的额外的所有排放量的减少GHGemissionreductionsofCDMprojectsshallbeadditionaltoanythatwouldoccurintheabsenceofthecertifiedprojectactivity.KyotoProtocol,Article12/5(c)清洁发展机制项目活动应具有额外性，即温室气体人为源排放量减少到低于不开展清洁发展机制项目活动情况下会出现的水平ACDMprojectactivityisadditionalifanthropogenicemissionsofgreenhousegasesbysourcesarereducedbelowthosethatwouldhaveoccurredintheabsenceoftheregisteredCDMprojectactivity.CDMmodalities&procedures,paragraph432019/9/6Slide8额外性评估：Additionalityassessmenta)通过流程图或一系列问题逐渐缩小基准情景选择的范围b)定性或定量的评估不同可能的基准情景，并说明该基准情景的项目不可能实施c)定性或定量地评估所提议的项目实施障碍d)展示说明该项目不是通常惯例，例如发生的情况全部可能情况的X%a)Aflow-chartorseriesofquestionsthatleadtoanarrowingofpotentialbaselineoptions;b)Aqualitativeorquantitativeassessmentofdifferentpotentialoptionsandanindicationofwhythenon-projectoptionismorelikely;c)Aqualitativeorquantitativeassessmentofoneormorebarriersfacingtheproposedprojectactivity;d)(Anindicationthattheprojecttypeisnotcommonpractice(e.g.occursinlessthanx%ofallcases)额外性评估是说明以所使用的方法学如何展示该项目具有额外性，并非基准线情景Additionalityassessmentisanexplanationofhow,throughtheuseofthemethodology,itcanbedemonstratedthataprojectactivityisadditionalandthereforenotthebaselinescenario.2019/9/6Slide9额外性：引用新法规Additionality:IntroductionofnewlegislationE+类：现行国家及（或）产亚政策或法规会造成法规主导市场衰退，而使排放较大的技术比排放较少的技术/能源的能耗更有竟争性TypeE+:Existingnationaland/orsectoralpoliciesorregulationsthatcreatepolicydrivenmarketdistortionswhichgivecomparativeadvantagestomoreemissions-intensivetechnologiesorfuelsoverlessemissions-intensivetechnologiesorfuels.-只有在”E+类”的国家及（或）产亚政策或法规在COP缔结京都议定书（1997.12.11之decision1/CP.3)前已实行者，在建立基准线清景可被纳入考虑。如“E+类”的国家及（或）产亚政策或法规在COP缔结京都议定书后才推行者，其基准线清景应以没有此类政策或法规之假设情况为是-Only“TypeE+”nationaland/orsectoralpoliciesorregulationsthathavebeenimplementedbeforeadoptionoftheKyotoProtocolbytheCOP(decision1/CP.3,11December1997)shallbetakenintoaccountwhendevelopingabaselinescenario.If“TypeE+”nationaland/orsectoralpolicieswereimplementedsincetheadoptionoftheKyotoProtocol,thebaselinescenarioshouldrefertoahypotheticalsituationwithoutthenationaland/orsectoralpoliciesorregulationsbeinginplace.E-类：现行国家及（或）产亚政策或法规，使排放较少的技术比排放较大的技术/能源的能耗更有竟争性（如对可再生能源的公共补偿或资助方案）TypeE-:Nationaland/orsectoralpoliciesorregulationsthatgiveposit