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ICS21.100.20J11JB/T1255－2001高碳铬轴承钢滚动轴承零件热处理技术条件Specificationforheat–treatmentofrollingbearingpartsmadefromhighcarbonchromiumsteel2001-05-23发布2001-10-01实施中国机械工业联合会发布I前言1范围····················································································································································································································12引用标准·········································································································································································································13轴承零件技术要求····················································································································································································14检验方法·········································································································································································································4附录A（标准的附录）钢球压碎载荷试验规程及压碎载荷值·························································································13附录B（标准的附录）磁力探伤检测规程····································································································································15附录C（标准的附录）酸洗检测规程··············································································································································20附录D（标准的附录）曲面硬度修正值及硬度换算表·········································································································22附录E（提示的附录）轴承零件淬、回火后脱碳层深度····································································································28附录F（提示的附录）轴承套圈淬、回火后允许的变形量·······························································································29附录G（提示的附录）套圈有效壁厚及滚子有效直径的规定·························································································31JB/T1255－2001目次II前言本标准是对JB/T1255—1991《高碳铬轴承钢滚动轴承零件热处理技术条件》的修订。本标准与JB/T1255—1991相比，主要作了以下改变：——扩大了适用范围，增加了新钢种GCr15SiMn和GCr18Mo；——对不同尺寸段及不同性能要求的轴承零件提出了不同的硬度和组织要求；——删除了“专用轴承零件技术条件”的有关条款；——对“贝氏体等温淬火或分级淬火轴承零件推荐技术要求”进行了修改，并列为本标准的正式条文；——增加了计算轴承套圈有效壁厚及滚子有效直径的规定；——对内容的编排方式作了修改。本标准自实施之日起代替JB/T1255—1991。本标准的附录A、附录B、附录C和附录D都是标准的附录。本标准的附录E、附录F和附录G都是提示的附录。本标准由全国滚动轴承标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准起草单位：洛阳轴承研究所、万向集团公司。本标准主要起草人：刘耀中、张增歧、雷建中、郭增均、潘予、黄春晓、樊志强。本标准于1972年首次发布，1981年第一次修订，1991年第二次修订，本次是第三次修订。JB/T1255－200111范围本标准规定了GCr15、GCr15SiMn、GCr15SiMo、GCr18Mo钢制滚动轴承零件退火、淬回火后的技术要求以及钢球压碎载荷、冷热酸洗、磁力探伤等检查规程。本标准适用于上述钢制轴承零件工序间与成品零件的热处理质量检验。对有特殊要求的轴承零件应按相应的标准和产品图样的规定。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准昀新版本的可能性。GB/T231—1984金属布氏硬度试验方法GB/T15822—1995磁粉探伤方法JB/T2974—1993滚动轴承代号方法的补充规定JB/T7361—1994滚动轴承零件硬度试验方法JB/T7362—1994滚动轴承零件脱碳层检查方法YB/T5148—1993金属平均晶粒度测定方法3轴承零件技术要求3.1轴承零件退火后的技术要求轴承零件退火后的技术要求按表1的规定。表1球化退火后技术要求检查项目技术要求GCr15其他钢种硬度179~207HB（压痕直径4.5~4.2mm）或88~94HRB179~217HB（压痕直径4.5~4.1mm）或88~97HRB显微组织细小，均匀分布的球化组织，按第一级别图评定：2~4级为合格组织，允许有细点状球化组织，不允许有1级（欠热）、5级（碳化物不均匀）和6级（过热）组织网状碳化物按第四级别图评定：不大于2.5级为合格脱碳层深度不大于单边昀小加工余量的2/3注1冷挤压或进行细化处理等特殊工艺处理后的轴承零件退火后的硬度应不大于229HB（压痕直径不大于4.0mm）。2其他钢种指GCr15SiMn、GCr15SiMo及GCr18Mo。中国机械工业联合会2001-05-23批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准高碳铬轴承钢滚动轴承零件热处理技术条件Specificationforheat–treatmentofrollingbearingpartsmadefromhighcarbonchromiumsteelJB/T1255－2001代替JB/T1255—19912001-10-01实施JB/T1255－200123.2轴承零件马氏体淬回火后的技术要求3.2.1轴承零件马氏体淬回火后硬度及同一零件的硬度差分别按表2、表3的规定。表2轴承零件马氏体淬回火后的硬度HRC成品尺寸mm高温回火后硬度零件名称超过到淬火后硬度min常规回火后硬度200℃（S0）250℃（S1）300℃（S2）350℃（S3）min400℃（S4）min—126360~6559~6457~6255~5912306258~6457~6256~6054~58套圈有效壁厚30—6057~6356~6155~5953~57—306461~66按常规回火后硬度56~6030506259~6457~6155~59钢球直径50—6158~6456~6054~58—206360~65按常规回火后硬度55~5920406258~6457~6154~58滚子有效直径40—6057~63按常规回火后硬度56~5953~575248注1表中套圈有效壁厚及滚子有效直径的规定见附录G（提示的附录）。2表中高温回火的温度200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃及回火后的硬度要求，其代号分别对应于JB/T2974中的S0、S1、S2、S3、S4；对“按常规回火后硬度”的滚动体，有特殊要求时也可进行高温回火。3对于表中尺寸段的划分及对应的硬度要求，制造厂及用户可根据轴承的工况和性能要求自行规定。表3轴承零件马氏体淬回火后同一零件的硬度差HRC零件名称套圈（外径）mm滚动体（有效直径）mm微型轴承零件超过—100400—22成品尺寸到100400—22——硬度差max12312不检查注：表中滚子有效直径的规定见附录G。3.2.2轴承零件马氏体淬回火后显微组织应由隐晶、细小结晶马氏体、均匀分布的细小残留碳化物、少量残留奥氏体以及少量的屈氏体组成。淬回火后显微组织要求按表4的规定。JB/T1255－20013表4轴承零件马氏体淬回火后的组织成品尺寸组织级别套圈有效壁厚mm钢球直径mm滚子有效直径mm屈氏体公差等级零件材料超过到超过到超过到马氏体距工作面3mm以内距工作面3mm以外所有公差等级GCr15微型轴承1~3级不允许—12—25.4—121~2级121525.45012261~2级GCr1515—50—26—1~5级—30—50—261~2级P0P6P6xP5其他钢种3050261~5级1~5级不予控制—12—25.4(3,5,10级)—12（0，1级）1~3级1~2级P4P2所有钢种12—25.4—12—1~5级1~2级不予控制注1所有钢种指GCr15、GCr15SiMn、GCr15SiMo及GCr18Mo，其他钢种指GCr15SiMn、GCr15SiMo及GCr18Mo。2表中套圈有效壁厚及滚子有效直径的规定见附录G。3.2.3轴承零件淬回火后的其他技术要求按表5的规定。表5轴承零件淬回火后的其他技术要求检查项目技术要求裂纹轴承零件淬回火后，不允许有裂纹钢球压碎载荷钢球淬回火后压碎载荷值应不小于附录A（标准的附录）中表A1、表A2的规定回火稳定性轴承零件淬回火后必须保证回火稳定性。回火稳定性是指被测零件第二次回火前后相应点的昀大硬度差，硬度差不大于1HRC为合格断口轴承零件淬回火后对热处理质量有异议时，可进行断口检验，其断口应为浅灰色细瓷状，2级为合格，不允许有1级欠热或3级过热断口存在脱碳及软点工序间脱碳层深度（或表面软点）应符合制造厂的规定或按附录E（提示的附录）的规定，但成品不允许有脱碳或软点套圈变形轴承零件淬回火后变形量按附录F（提示的附录）的规定或制造厂的规定3.3轴承零件贝氏体等温淬火后的技术要求贝氏体等温淬火组织由贝氏体、残留碳化物及少量的屈氏体组成。轴承零件贝氏体等温淬火后的硬度及组织按表6的规定，其他未列项目按表5的规定。JB/T1255－20014表6轴承零件等温淬火后的硬度及组织套圈有效壁厚mm组织屈氏体钢种超过到硬度HRC贝氏体距工作面3mm以内距工作面3mm以外晶粒度—1558~621~2级GCr1515—57~611~5级—3058~621~2级GCr1