科技论文英文的规范表达-词法

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1学以致用用以促学第十章科技论文英文的规范表达-词法数词1、分数表示法一般方式:分子(基数词)/分母(序数词复数形式,分子不大于l时用单数形式)。五分之三threefifths十分之七seventenths二分之一one(a)half(不能用onesecond)2数词2.“零点几”和“零点零几”等的表示方法:分子(numerator):afew(或several)分母(denominator):tenths,hundredths等该电阻上的电压为零点几伏。Thevoltageacrosstheresistorisafew(或several)tenthsofavolt.3Thevoltageacrossthiscomponentisafewtenthsofavolt.练习1.这个元件(component)上的电压(voltage)为零点几伏(volt)。2.这种蓄电池的内阻仅为零点零零几欧姆。Theinternalresistanceofthiskindofstoragebatteryisonly____________.Theinternalresistanceofthiskindofstoragebatteryisonlyafewthousandthsofanohm.4分子:A/an+序数词+part分母:per或ina或in+数字(Arabicnumerals)百万分之三athirdpartpermillionathirdpartin1,000,000athirdpartinamillion3.表示“千分之几”、“万分之几”分子:基数词+part(s)分母:per或ina或in+数字百万分之三3partspermillion3partsinamillion3partsin1,000,0005练习其误差(error)为6/1012。Itserroris6partsin1012.63.倍数、分数+the+名词倍数、分数+that(of短语)倍数、分数+what从句Thisvoltageis80timesthesignalappliedtotheamplifier.这个电压是加给放大器的信号的80倍。Itsspeedisthreetenthsthatoflight.Thespeedisthreetimeswhatitusedtobe.7练习1.倍数、分数+the+名词该电路中的电流为电源(source)的短路电流(short-circuitcurrent)的一半。Thecurrentinthecircuitis_________ofthesource.2.倍数、分数+that(of短语)月球的质量为地球的1/81.The___ofthemoonis__________.3.倍数、分数+what从句现在其内部的压力是原来的1/3。Nowitsinternalpressureis__________.8答案1.倍数、分数+the+名词该电路中的电流为电源(source)的短路电流(short-circuitcurrent)的一半。Thecurrentinthecircuitisonehalftheshort-circuitcurrentofthesource.2.倍数、分数+that(of短语)月球的质量为地球的1/81.Themassofthemoonis1/81thatoftheearth.3.倍数、分数+what从句现在其内部的压力是原来的1/3。Nowitsinternalpressureis1/3whatitwas.94.表示倍数增长Thiswireisfivetimeslongerthanthatone.这根导线比那根长4倍。这根导线是那根长度的5倍。Ntimes+比较级=Ntimesas+原级+as10Theinformationstoredinthiscomputerisfourtimesmorethantheinformationinthatone.Thiscomputerstoresfourtimesmoreinformationthanthatonedoes.练习这台计算机存储的信息比那台多三倍。11介词1.Of在…之中Ofthese,thefirstchaptertreatspulseanddatacommunications,thenextcoversradar,andthelastoneintroducestelevision.练习:在这新的五章中,第一章论述负反馈的基本原理。12Ofthesefivenewchapters,thefirstonedealswiththebasicprinciplesofnegativefeedback.13下面句子中thescience和chemistry是什么关系?Thescienceofchemistryisveryusefulinthemodernworld.Of表示同位关系练习本节介绍力的概念。Thissectionintroducestheconceptofforce.142.With1)vary(change,increase)with随着…变化Theparametervarieswithtemperature.2)With+抽象名词=副词Theseexperimentsshouldbedonewithcare.Withease(容易地),withaccuracy(精确地)15练习:他们极为困难地解出了这道题。(用with+名词结构)Theysolvedthisproblemwithgreatdifficulty.163)With结构Theequationtothecirclewithitscenterattheoriginandofradiusaisx2+y2=a2.圆心在圆点、半径为a的圆的方程为x2+y2=a2。173.By1)“根据、按照”,主要用在推导中ByEq.(3),wecanobtainthefollowingexpression.2)通过…通过分析这个模型,……Byanalyzingthemodel,……3)by表示除了时间和距离外的任何参量的数值Thecurrentandvoltageinthiscircuitdifferinphaseby90o.18练习:通过分析该仪器的参数(parameter),我们可以了解它的性能(performance)。Byanalyzingtheparametersofthisinstrument,wecanunderstanditsperformance.194.For1)“对于,当…时候,如果…的话”,主要表示条件ForX1,thisequationdoesnothold.2)For与动词solve连用表示方程所要求解的对象Itisnecessaryforustosolvethisequationforx.我们必须从这个方程中解出x。20练习若X1,则该方程无解(solution)。解这个微分方程(differentialequation)把未知量(theunknownquantity)求出来并不困难。Forx1,thereisnosolutiontotheequation.Itisnotdifficulttosolvethisdifferentialequationfortheunknownquantity.215.on/upon(“一…就”,“在…之后”)Uponrearrangingtheaboveequations,wegettothefollowingsetofequations.练习:在把这些值代入(substitute)后,人们发现v就等于(beequalto)光速(velocity)。22Uponsubstitutingthesevalues,itisfoundthatvisequaltothevelocityoflight.236.in“用…来度量”:in+表示单位的名词复数(hertz除外)Wemeasureresistanceinohms.“在…方面”Thisdeviceisgoodinquality.“朝…方向”Radio/soundwavestravelinalldirections.24练习:1.我们以牛顿为单位来测量力。2.这个电路的工作情况(inoperation)类似于图1-10的电路。3.这台计算机的性能很好。1.Wemeasureforceinnewtons.2.ThiscircuitissimilarinoperationtothatofFig.1-10.3.Thiscomputerisverygoodinperformance.257.Over“与…相比”这类计算机与那类相比有许多优点。Thistypeofcomputershasmanyadvantagesoverthattype.“在…范围内”我们要求出它在这段距离上的平均速度。Wewillfindoutitsaveragevelocityoverthisdistance.26动词1.实义动词(lexicalverb)做连系动词(get,turn,stay,appear,look,prove等)Theresultprovescorrect.Thegraphlookspuzzling.2.半助动词(semi-auxiliary)(remain,seem,appear,happen等)与不定式构成合成谓语Thisproblemremainstobesolved.27练习:1.这道题的答案看起来是正确的。2.这个系数(coefficient)有待确定。Thisanswertothisproblemlookscorrect.Thiscoefficientremainstobedetermined.283.代动词do,一般用于由than,as引导的比较状语从句,常常省略Thiscomputeroccupiesmuchlessspacethanatypewriterdoes.这些无线电波的性能像光波一样。Theseradiowavesbehaveaslightwavesdo.29练习交流电路中的阻抗(impedance)与电阻(resistance)在直流电路中的作用相同。Impedanceinanac-circuit____________thatresistance_____inadc-circuit.Impedanceinanac-circuitplaysthesamerolethatresistancedoesinadc-circuit.30副词副词做后置定语1.地点副词:above,below,here,around,nearby,up,downThetablebelowliststhechemicalfeaturesofthesubstance.2.时间副词:now,then,today,afterwardTheproblemnowisthat……31练习:1.后面的(later)几章会经常用到下面两个等式。2.现在的问题是如何测量此元件(component)上的电压。32Thetwoequationsbelowwillbeusedofteninlaterchapters.Theproblemnowishowtomeasurethevoltageacrossthiscomponent.333.数量状语+副词away,apart等Oneendoftheropeistiedtoatree10feetaway.练习:1.这里我们使用相距(apart)10厘米的两个金属球。2.这些数据将被传到2千米外的计算中心。341.Hereweusetwometalballs10centimetersapart.2.Thesedatawillbesenttothecomputingcenter2kilometersaway.35形容词1.后置形容词present,else,whatsoever,availa

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