高中英语人教版必修三课件:Unit-2-Section-ⅢGrammar——情态动词(Ⅱ)

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Unit2HealthyeatingSectionⅢGrammar——情态动词(Ⅱ)[语境自主领悟]先观察原句后自主感悟①Bynowhisrestaurantoughttobefullofpeople.②Doesyourfatherneedanyhelp?③Whatdoweneedtotakeforthepicnic?④Thereisenoughtime.Youneedn'thurry.⑤Hismotherisill.Hehastostayathometolookafterher.⑥SomethingterriblemusthavehappenedifLiChangwasnotcomingtoeatinhisrestaurantashealwaysdid.1.以上句子中,句①④⑤⑥中的黑体词都是情态动词,而句②③中的黑体词是实义动词。2.以上各句中的情态动词后都接动词原形。其中句⑥中musthavehappened的意思是“一定已经发生了”。3.上述句子中oughtto意为“应该”;need意为“需要”;hasto意为“不得不”。[语法精要点拨]一、oughtto的用法1.“应该”,表示责任或义务。用于表示按道理应当,常指客观的义务或责任,大多数情况下可用should代替,但比should语气重。Yououghttostudyharderthanyourbrother.你应该比你哥哥更努力学习。Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.她有困难了,我应该帮助她。2.“应该”,表示劝告、建议或命令。should和oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。oughtto的否定式为oughtn'tto或oughtnotto。Yououghttobalancecareerandfamily.你应该平衡好事业与家庭之间的关系。ShouldIopenthewindow?我可以打开窗户吗?3.“应该”,表示推测。可与should换用。Maryoughttobeheresoon.玛丽应该很快就来了。Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.这里应该就是石油存在的地方。[即时训练1]用oughtto补全句子①下次过马路时,你应该更小心些。Youwhenyoucrosstheroadnexttime.②你不该责备他。Youhim.③——我应该明天动身吗?——是的,你应该。—tomorrow?—Yes,.oughttobemorecarefuloughtn't/oughtnottoscoldOughtItoleaveyououghtto二、haveto的用法haveto意为“不得不”,有时态、人称和数的变化,其否定形式和疑问形式需要借助于助动词do。Itwasrainingoutside;wehadtostayathome.外面下雨了,我们不得不待在家里。[考点警示]haveto,must(1)两者都可意为“必须,应该”,但haveto表示客观的需要,而must表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。(2)haveto有人称、数和时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.昨天他不得不照顾他的妹妹。(3)在否定结构中,don'thaveto表示“不必”;mustn't表示“禁止,不许”。Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不必把此事告诉他。(4)在回答must的一般疑问句时,肯定式常用must,表示“必须”,否定式常用neednot(needn't)或don'thaveto,表示“不必”。[即时训练2]完成句子(每空1词)①他没有钱,只好放弃这个计划。Hehadnomoney,sohegiveupthisplan.②你千万不能告诉他这个秘密。Youhimthesecret.(3)——我们必须今天下午交作业吗?——不,你不必。—Mustwehandinourhomeworkthisafternoon?—No,you.hadtomustn'ttelldon'thaveto三、need的用法(1)need作情态动词时,后跟动词原形,表示“需要,有必要”,无人称和数的变化,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。Youneedn'tgotherenow.你不必现在去那儿。NeedIgotherenow?我现在需要去那儿吗?[考点警示]由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或haveto,否定回答常用needn't。—NeedIhandinmypapernow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——我现在需要交上论文吗?——是的,你必须。/不,你不需要。(2)作为实义动词,同其他实义动词一样,可用于各种句式,有时态、人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。Youneedtobecareful.你得小心些。Youdon'tneedtobesoworried.你不必如此担心。[名师点津]当need作实义动词“需要”讲时,其后跟不定式的被动形式,相当于跟v.­ing的主动形式,在这一点上,与want和require作“需要”讲时用法一样。Thehouseneeds/wants/requiresrepairing/toberepaired.这所房子需要修葺。[即时训练3]完成句子①我的房间很乱,但今晚出去之前我不需要打扫,我会早晨打扫的。Myroomisinamess,butIbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.needn'tcleanit②——我需要留下来帮他们吗?——是的,你必须留下来。不,你不必。—tohelpthem?—Yes,./No,.NeedIstayyoumustyouneedn't四、情态动词+havedone“情态动词+havedone”表示对过去事情的推测。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表:can/couldhavedone1.过去可能(表推测)2.本能做而未做(表虚拟)should/oughttohavedone本该做而未做may/mighthavedone1.过去也许做了(表推测)2.本可能做而未做(表虚拟)musthavedone一定已经做了needn'thavedone本不必做而做了Fromwhatyousaid,shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit.从你所说的来看,她一定把一切都告诉你了。YoushouldhavetoldmeearlierorImighthavegonewiththem.你应该早点告诉我,不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。Theycouldhavesentupthesatellitesuccessfully.他们本来有能力成功发射这颗卫星的。Yououghtto/shouldhavebeenmorecareful.你本应该更小心一些的。Youneedn'thavetoldthemaboutit.你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。[即时训练4]完成句子①我从未玩得更开心过——这是完美的一天。Imyselfmore—itwasaperfectday.②他们本应该在午饭时间就到达的,但是他们的航班被耽搁了。Theyatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.【导学号:65162013】couldn'thaveenjoyedshouldhavearrived③迈克本来不必那么匆忙的。全速驾驶之后,他早半个小时到达了。Mike.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.needn'thavehurried[语法应用落实]Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空1.You(give)himsomeadvice.Hewastooupsetatthattime.2.You(smoke)inthispartofthehospital.3.Therewasplentyoftime.She(hurry).4.Ihavenobike,soI(go)totheofficeonfoot.oughtto/shouldhavegivenmustn'tsmokeneedn'thavehurriedhavetogo5.You(notbuy)agift,butyoucanifyouwantto.6.Look!Theroadiswet.It(rain)lastnight.7.Bob(notspeak)tohismotherlikethat.8.You(come)hereontime,oryou'llbefinednexttime.9.Hurryup!We(go)toschoolrightaway.10.Hereyesarered.She(be)crying.needn'tbuymusthaverainedoughtnottospeakmustcomeoughtto/shouldgomusthavebeenⅡ.完成句子1.IhavejustfoundthatI(我必须参加一个重要的班会)thatafternoon.2.Thelengthofthearticle(应当限制在400词左右).3.Thelastimportantthing(你应当记住的是)isthatyouhavetosendthearticletomebeforeJune28.4.George(不可能走)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.havetoattendanimportantclassmeetingshouldbelimitedto400wordsorsoyoushouldremembercan'thavegone5.Ilovetheweekend,becauseI(不必早起)onSaturdaysandSundays.6.Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtoldme,I(就可能帮你了).7.—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.You(本应该做充足的准备).needn'tgetupearlycouldhavehelpedshouldhavemadefullpreparations8.I(本没有必要担心)beforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.9.Thatis,you(不应该总是仅仅依靠)theInternetforyourresearch.10.Itwassonoisythatwe(听不见自己讲话).needn'thaveworriedshouldn'talwaysrelyjustoncouldn'thearourselvesspeak

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