莎士比亚-Sonnet-18

英国文学史及选读课程组Sonnet18byW.ShakespeareTherhymeschemeisabab,cdcd,efef,gg.Listen英国文学史及选读课程组SonnetAlyricpoem,properlyexpressiveofasingle,completethought,idea,orsentiment,of14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameter,withrhymesarrangedaccordingtooneofcertaindefiniteschemes.AsaformtheSonnetdevelopedinItalyinthe13thcenturyandwasintroducedintoEnglandbyThomasWyatt(托马斯·怀亚特)andEarlSurrey(瑟瑞).英国文学史及选读课程组Sonnetscanbeclassifiedintothreetypes:1.ItalianorPetrarchansonnets2.EnglishorShakespeareansonnets3.Spenseriansonnets英国文学史及选读课程组ItaliansonnetsTheItaliansonnetsincludedtwoparts.First,theoctave(twoquatrains),whichdescribeaproblem,followedbyasestet(twotercets),whichgivestheresolutiontoit.Typically,theninthlinecreatesaturnorvoltawhichsignalsthemovefrompropositiontoresolution.Inthe14thcentury,Petrarch(彼特拉克)raisedittoitsgreatestItalianperfection.Thepatternisabbaabbacdecde/cdcdcd/cdeedc英国文学史及选读课程组EnglishsonnetsEnglishsonnetswereintroducedbyThomasWyattintheearly16thcentury.HissonnetsandthoseofhiscontemporarytheEarlofSurreywerechieflytranslationsfromtheItalianofPetrarchandothers.WhileWyattintroducedthesonnetintoEnglish,itwasSurreywhogavethemtherhymingmeter,anddivisionintoquatrainsthatnowcharacterizestheEnglishsonnet.英国文学史及选读课程组ShakespeareansonnetShakespeareansonnetisalsocalledtheEnglishsonnet,withthreequatrains(everystanzahasfourlines,therhymeschemeisababorabba)andatwo-lineunitcalledacouplet(对子).ThetypicalrhymeschemefortheEnglishSonnetisasfollows:firststanza(quatrain):abab;secondstanza(quatrain):cdcd;thirdstanza(quatrain):efef;Couplet:gg.英国文学史及选读课程组SpenserianSonnetTheSpenserianSonnetcombinestheformertwoforms,usingthreequatrainsandacoupletbuthavinglinkingrhymesamongthequatrains,thusababbcbccdcdee.英国文学史及选读课程组AMORETTI,SONNET#75（1594）ByEdmundSpenserOnedayIwrotehernameuponthestrand(beach)Butcamethewavesandwasheditaway:AgainIwriteitwithasecondhand,Butcamethetide,andmademypainshisprey.Vainman,saidshe,thatdoest(do)invainassay(attempt),Amortalthingsotoimmortalize,ForImyselfshallliketothisdecay,Andeek(also)mynamebewipedoutlikewise.Notso,(quod[said]I)letbaserthingsdevise(contrive)Todieindust,butyoushalllivebyfame:Myverse,yourvirtuesrareshalleternize,Andintheheavenswriteyourgloriousname.Wherewhenasdeathshallalltheworldsubdue,Ourloveshalllive,andlaterliferenew.英国文学史及选读课程组Ａｍｏｒｅｔｔｉ：littlelovesorlittlelovepoems1.strand:beach,2.doest:do的第二人称单数现在式3.agayne:again,4.pray:prey,5.tyde:tide6.vaine:vain7.assay:attempt8.lyke:like,9.myselve:myself10.eek:also11.lykewise:likewise12.quod:said13.devise:contrive,14.wryte:write15.subdew:subdue英国文学史及选读课程组有一天，我把她名字写在沙滩，但海浪来了，把那个名字冲跑；我用手再一次把它写了一遍，但潮水来了，把我的辛苦又吞掉。“自负的人啊，”她说，“你这是徒劳，妄想使世间凡俗的事物不朽；我本身就会像这样云散烟消，我的名字也同样会化为乌有。”“不，”我说，“让低贱的东西去筹谋死亡之路，但你将靠美名而永活：我的诗将使你罕见的美德长留，并把你光辉的名字写天国。死亡可以征服整个的世界，我们的爱将长存，生命永不灭。”英国文学史及选读课程组SonnetisusuallyallaboutLOVE英国文学史及选读课程组AnExampleofShakespeareSonnetThe“Shakespearean”varietyusesthefollowingrhymepattern:AcoatBbillAgoatBdillCfrankDteamCrankDseemEhatFfishEcatFdishGbookGhook英国文学史及选读课程组Shakespeare’sSonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:能不能让我来把你比作夏日？你可是更加可爱，更加温婉；yougentleYouare英国文学史及选读课程组Shakespeare’sSonnet18RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿，夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂：charming;pleasinghasduration,timeallottedalimitedperiodoftime英国文学史及选读课程组Shakespeare’sSonnet18SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；sometimes,fromtimetotimethesunnotbrightnaturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinoftheface英国文学史及选读课程组Shakespeare’sSonnet18Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；everybeautifulthingorpersonfrombeautyfortunestrippedofbeautyUntrimmedbychance,ornature’schangingcourse英国文学史及选读课程组Shakespeare’sSonnet18Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的形相；existingforeverlosecolor,freshnessorvigorowestown英国文学史及选读课程组Shakespeare’sSonnet18Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长；wanderboastthougrow’sttotimegrow—growest英国文学史及选读课程组Shakespeare’sSonnet18Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。(屠岸译)thispoemNext英国文学史及选读课程组Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,Norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.英国文学史及选读课程组ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?aThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:bRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,aAndsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:bSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshinescAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;dAndeveryfairfromfairsometimesdeclines,cBychanceornat