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ICS65.150B52备案号：28505-2010北京市地方标准DB11DB11/T735—2010苏氏圆腹鱼芒养殖技术规范Technicalspecificationsforpangasiussutchifowlerculture2010-08-13发布2010-12-01实施北京市质量技术监督局发布DB11/T735—2010I目次前言································································································································································II1范围·································································································································································12规范性引用文件··········································································································································13环境条件························································································································································14亲鱼培育························································································································································15人工繁殖························································································································································26鱼苗培育························································································································································37鱼种培育························································································································································48成鱼养殖························································································································································49鱼病防治························································································································································5DB11/T735—2010II前言本标准按照GB/T1.1—2009给出的规则起草。本标准由北京市农业局提出。本标准由北京市农业标准化技术委员会养殖业分会归口。本标准由北京市农业局组织实施。本标准起草单位：北京市水产技术推广站。本标准主要起草人：张黎、杨华莲、马立鸣、潘志、刘旭成、张孟才。DB11/T735—20101苏氏圆腹鱼芒养殖技术规范1范围本标准规定了苏氏圆腹鱼芒养殖环境条件、亲鱼培育、人工繁殖、鱼苗培育、鱼种培育、商品鱼养殖、鱼病防治的技术要求。本标准适用于北京地区苏氏圆腹鱼芒的标准化养殖。2规范性引用文件下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本标准。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本标准。GB11607渔业水质标准GB/T18407.4农产品安全质量无公害水产品产地环境要求NY5051无公害食品淡水养殖用水水质NY5071无公害食品渔用药物使用准则NY5072无公害食品渔用配合饲料安全限值DB11/T373苏氏圆腹鱼芒3环境条件3.1场地选择场地应水源充足，进水与排水方便，无污染源，通风向阳，交通便利，同时应符合GB/T18407.4规定。3.2水源水质水源水质应符合GB11607的规定。3.3鱼池要求鱼池应无渗漏无污染，具体见表1。表1鱼池要求类别面积(m2)形状池深(m)水深(m)增氧设备鱼苗池20～50正方形1.2～1.50．8～1.0有500～1000长方形，东西向1.5～1.81.0～1.2有鱼种池500～2000长方形，东西向1.5～2.01.2～1.5有成鱼池3000～6000长方形，东西向2.0～2.51.5～2.0有亲鱼池2000～3000长方形，东西向2.0～2.51.5～2.0有孵化池5～20圆形、正方形、长方形1.2～1.50.8～1.0有4亲鱼培育4.1亲鱼来源亲鱼来源有两种途径，一是从国外原产地引进亲鱼，二是从国家级或省级的良种场引进亲鱼，两种途径均要有原产地证明和检疫证明。4.2亲鱼选择4.2.1亲鱼特征亲鱼形态特征应符合DB11/T373的规定。DB11/T735—201024.2.2年龄与体重雌性为4～6龄，体重大于3.5kg；雄性为3～5龄，体重大于2.5kg。4.3雌雄鉴别雌雄鉴别见表2。表2亲鱼雌雄鉴别特征特征雌性（♀）雄性（♂）体型体型较宽体型瘦长生殖孔红肿扩张，圆钝且凹陷狭长，有生殖突4.4亲鱼放养4.4.1亲鱼池消毒4.4.1.1生石灰清塘法在亲鱼下池前7d～10d，将池水降至5cm～10cm水深或干塘，每亩用生石灰60kg～75kg进行彻底清塘消毒。4.4.1.2漂白粉清塘法亲鱼在下池前5d～7d，将池水降至5cm～10cm水深，每亩用漂白粉10kg～20kg进行彻底清塘消毒。4.4.2亲鱼体消毒亲鱼放养前应用食盐水对鱼体进行消毒，方法为：3%～5%的食盐水浸泡鱼体5min～10min。4.4.3放养密度在人工催产前两个月，对亲鱼进行强化培育，可以雌雄同池培育，雌雄配比为1:1.5～1:2，采用单养或混养两种培育模式。单养模式为每亩放养3kg～5kg的亲鱼50～70组；混养模式为每亩放养3kg～5kg的亲鱼20～40组，同时每亩搭配0.2kg～0.5kg的鲢、鳙鱼种50～100尾。4.4.4饲料投喂饲料应符合NY5072的规定。饲料中蛋白含量以36%～40%为宜，投喂饲料应定时、定质、定点、定量，每天投喂2～3次，日投喂量为摄食鱼体总重量的1%～3%。4.4.5水质调节池水透明度保持在25cm～30cm，夏季高温季节每7d～10d加注新水一次，每次加注10cm～15cm，保持水质清新。4.4.6冲水刺激亲鱼进行人工催产前2个月，对亲鱼进行冲水刺激，水流速控制在每秒3L～6L。催产前2个月至催产前半个月每7d～10d冲水一次，每次晚上20：00冲水2h～4h；催产前半个月至催产前3d应每2d冲水一次，每次下午15：00与晚上20：00各冲水2h～4h；催产前3d，将要进行催产的亲鱼移至催产池，每天不间断冲水。4.4.7日常记录每天记录投饲量、摄食、水质变化、病害发生及防治情况等。5人工繁殖5.1人工催产5.1.1催产时间当水温稳定在26℃以上时，检查亲鱼性腺发育情况，当雌性亲鱼腹部膨大、松软，卵巢轮廓明显，雄性亲鱼轻挤腹部有少量乳白色精液流出时即可进行人工催产。5.1.2催产方法5.1.2.1药物催产DB11/T735—20103包括鱼用促黄体素释放激素类似物（LHRH-A2）、绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）和马来酸地欧酮（DOM）三种。5.1.2.2剂量每千克雌性亲鱼注射剂量为：促黄体素释放激素类似物（LHRH-A2）4μg～8μg、绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）800IU～1500IU及马来酸地欧酮（DOM）5mg，三种药物共同使用。雄鱼注射剂量为雌鱼的一半。5.1.2.3注射方法亲鱼催产注射可采用一次注射法或二次注射法。注射采用背部肌肉注射，将亲鱼放入鱼夹中，使鱼身背部向上，在背鳍基部两侧肌肉较厚的部位将针头以45°刺入，深度约1cm左右，缓缓将药物注入其体内。一次注射法是将催产所需药物一次全部注入亲鱼体内，水温29℃时，效应时间为10h～12h；二次注射法是第一次注射催产所需药物全部剂量的10%～20%，第二次注射剩余剂量，注射时间间隔为10h～12h，水温29℃时，二次注射后的效应时间为8h～12h。5.2人工授精5.2.1授精时机达到效应时间后，每隔半小时检查亲鱼性腺发育情况一次，当轻轻挤压鱼体后腹部时，雌鱼的卵粒可顺利流出，雄鱼可流出精液，即可进行人工授精。5.2.2授精操作雌雄亲鱼操作顺序为先雌后雄，使鱼的头部向上，用毛巾擦干鱼体，挤压雌鱼后腹部将鱼卵排入干净的器皿中。挤卵完毕后，快速将雄鱼的精液挤在卵上，精液与卵的比例控制在1ml精液搭配20万粒卵，在边加医用生理盐水的同时边搅动，使精卵在容器中充分结合以提高受精率。2min～3min后，将受精卵均匀、快速地散布于鱼巢上，再将鱼巢转入孵化池。催产后，亲鱼应经产后培育再放入亲鱼池中恢复饲养。5.3孵化5.3.1孵化时间水温29℃时，经18h～20h仔鱼破膜，仔鱼孵出2d～3d后，仔鱼体长达到5mm～7mm，可放入鱼苗池进行培育，整个孵化过程在避光的条件下进行。5.3.2孵化用水水质应符合NY5051的规定，且需经80～120目筛绢网过滤，防止敌害生物进入孵化池。5.3.3孵化密度每立方米水体孵化（4～6）万粒受精卵。5.3.4孵化温度孵化水温控制在26℃～32℃。5.3.5控制水流速度孵化时应合理调节水流速度，流速大致控制在不使卵粒、仔鱼下沉堆集为宜。5.3.6增氧孵化期间不间断增氧，保持孵化池中溶氧量达到6mg/L以上。6鱼苗培育6.1鱼苗池要求按照3.3的要求执行。6.2水质要求水质应符合NY5051的规定，且需经80～120目筛绢网过滤，防止敌害生物进入。6.3鱼苗质量与规格要求DB11/T735—20104无病无伤、无畸形、体质健壮有活力、规格整齐。6.4放养密度水泥池培育每立方米水体放养鱼苗500～1000尾，土池培育每亩放鱼苗（8～10）万尾。6.5饵料选择与投喂6.5.1饵料选择鱼苗下池后可投喂卤虫无节幼体或轮虫等活饵；培育7d后，鱼苗体色变黑，可驯化投喂虾粉、蛋黄浆等饵料；培育后期也可投喂人工破碎饲料。6.5.2投喂鱼苗培育期间每天投喂4～6次，日投饵量为鱼体重的5%～10%。投喂应做到定时、定质、定点、定量。初期投喂时用木棒等物敲打池边，逐渐驯化，使其形成条件反射。6.6鱼苗培育时间鱼苗经30d左右的培育，体长即可长至4cm～5cm，拉网锻炼后转为鱼种培育。7鱼种培育7.1鱼种池要求按照3.3的要求执行。7.2水质要求水质应符合NY5051的规定，且需经60～80目筛绢网