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()(J.J.Thomson1906)Halliday29-3Serway29-5thermionicUA(kV)vUAAUmev⋅⋅=2.(eq.1)mevvBeF⋅⋅=1(eq.2)rrmvF22=…(eq.3)(eq.2)(3)Brvme⋅=(eq.4)(eq.1)(4)222rBUmeA⋅=(eq.5)AUBrr1rxy222)(xyrr+−=yyxr222+=(eq.6)1(6)xyHelmholtz23234HelmholtzAzAz4(5)()6V(6)6V””787ab(c):4.95KVBI1.4Helmholtz2.0~0.3A0.05A3.0.3A5cm0.5cmbacd81.92.6VdAU3.Helmholtzxy(10,1)(9,1)….HelmholtzIxy51.2.1300K3.e/m4.meUA(kV)e/m1.IxByBiot-SavartLaw2.I=0.3A3.(3)IIBxy(eq.6)rUABr(eq.5)e/m4.(eq.6)e/me/m