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上海交通大学硕士学位论文关键链在Y公司项目管理中的应用研究姓名：龙凯申请学位级别：硕士专业：工商管理指导教师：刘欣20080113-IV-Y,--PERTCPM----,,-V-THERESEARCHOFCRITICALCHAINUESEDINYCOMPONYPROJECTMANAGEMENTABSTRACTWithmoreandmoreseverecompetitioninthedomesticandinternationalmarket,Chinesecompaniesfacehigherandhigherpressurebecausetherawmaterialandlabourcostarebecominghigherandhigher.Thesecompaniescannotdependonlowlabourcosttowintheraceintheglobalmarketanylonger.Itisthetimeforthemtochangethewayofoperatingthecompanybyincreasingthelevelofmanagement.ThisarticleisfromtheviewpointofincreasingthelevelofprojectmanagementasatriggertoimprovethetotalmanagementlevelofthecompanybyusingtheCriticalChainmanagementofTOC(TheoryofConstraints).Thestructureofthearticleis:firstly,introducetheoriginalofthisarticleandthemethodofresearch,thenanalysethemeritsanddemerits-VI-ofthenormaltoolsofmanagingprojects,likeGanttChartPERTandCPM.Thirdly,TOCandCCMareintroducedtosolvetheproblemswhichGanttChartPERTandCPMcannotsolveintheprojectmanagement.Fourthly,amodelandprocesswillbebuilttoleadpeopletobuyinTOCandCCM,andtrytousethem.Last,arealexamplewillbegiventoshowhowtouseTOCandCCMinthecompany.KEYWORDS:GanttChartPERTCPMTheoryofConstraintsCriticalChain-II-2007121-III-20071212007126MBAY-1-11.11.1.11StandishGroupInternational200313000,82%30%[1],,,10%,,TheoryofConstraintTOCCriticalChain,CCTOC2MBAY-2-TOCTOC1.1.21TOC2--PERTCPMT0C--TOC1.1.31TOCTOCTOCTOC2TOCTOC,TOCTOCTOC3TOC1.2WBSWorkBreakdownStructureGanttChartCriticalPathMethodCPM)ProgramEvaluationandReviewTechniquePERT)MBAY-3-1.2.11231.2.2CPMCPM12)CPM1.2.3PERTPERTPERTPERTBetaMBAY-4-PERT1PERT2PERTPERT3)1.2.4PERTCPMPERTCPMPERTCPM1.31.3.11EliyahuM.Goldratt(TheoryofConstraintsTOC)21MBAY-5-23TOCTOC,Whattochange?(Whattochangeto?)(Howtocausethechange?)TOCTOCTOC1)--TOCUndesiredEffect,CurrentRealityTree2)EvaporatingCloudInjection,3FutureRealityTree4,,,,NegativeBranchNB5PrerequisiteTreeMBAY-6-6TransitionTreeTOC--TOC1TOCFIGURE1TOC’S5-FocusingStepAndOnGoingImprovementProcess1.3.21212345MBAY-7-3121.3.31TOC80TOCTOCTOC:EliyahuGoldratt,1802FIGURE2CriticalChainPERT/CPMCriticalChain1.4.212,2X3X4X5X1X478MBAY-9-1.4.319971TOCTOC233IntelTOC45TOC628-3618TOC13MBAY-10-2TOCTOC2.1TOC1TOC232.2TOC,TOCMBAY-11-[25]3FIGURE36LayersOfResistance……,……,……,……Layer0561234UDEMBAY-12-1Layer02Layer113Layer224Layer335Layer446Layer557Layer66Layer0layer0MBAY-13-373.1Layer0,3.1.1MBAY-14-,3.1.2TOC[2]MBAY-15-’sInnerSimplicityTOC,,TOC1.2.3.MBAY-16-3.1.330333!=63030!1032[3]12,,3,:3.1.4TOCTOCTOCTOCMBAY-17-TQM,,TOCTOC3.1.5TOCTOCTOC--TOCTOC51FIGURE5TheCurrentReality1TreeAboutTargetOpinions……,……”,“”,“”MBAY-18-62FIGURE6TheCurrentReality2TreeAboutTargetOpinions73FIGURE7TheCurrentRealityTree3AboutTargetOpinions84FIGURE8TheCurrentRealityTree4AboutTargetOpinionsMBAY-19-,9FIGURE9TheCurrentRealityTreeOfRelationBetweenMeasurementWayAndPeople’sBehavior,3.1.61---MBAY-20-2/TOC1234TOCBottom-lineThroughputT(InventoryInvestmentI)(OperationExpenseOE)=-=/3.1.7T/I/OETOCMBAY-21-:SchragenheimandDettmer,200010T,IandOEFIGURE10LimitsToTIAndOE1TOCTOC∞0()()()()TOEI()MBAY-22-23MBAY-23-199511FIGURE11TheRelationOfCompanyTargetFinancialTargetAndDailyDecisionMeasurementsMBAY-24-3.1.83.1.8.112FIGURE12TheRelationofProjectTargetAndCompanyTarget,,,3.1.8.23.1.73.1.9………MBAY-25-1234567812123.2Layer1-TOC3.2.11TOC,--UndesiredEffect,:MBAY-26-13FIGURE13TheCurrentRealityTreeOf“Problem”DefinitionTOCTOC2TOC14FIGURE14AchieveGoal’sSufficientandNecessaryConditionsTOCMBAY-27-TOC15FIGURE15TheConflictCloudOfCompany’sMacro-scopeLevelTOC16FIGURE16TheConnotativeLogicOfDecisionFromTheCostWorldMBAY-28-TOC3.2.217FIGURE17TheConflictCloudOfProjectManagement3.2.3MBAY-29-181FIGURE18TheCurrentRealityTree1OfCompany’sMacroLevel,,,UDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEMBAY-30-3.1.1--TOC,MBAY-31-192FIGURE19TheCurrentRealityTree2OfCompany’sMacroLevelUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEUDEMBAY-32-20FIGURE20TheCurrentRealityTreeOfDealingWithTheUncertainties3.2.421FIGURE21TheUncertaintiesOfEstimatingTask’sTime………………MBAY-33-100%,:221FIGURE22Probability1232FIGURE23Probability2MBAY-34-24FIGURE24TheWayOfEstimatingTask’sTime,,3.2.5MBAY-35-25FIGURE25TheCurrentRealityTreeOfRefusingFinishingTheTaskInAdvance26FIGURE26TheStatisticsFluctuationMBAY-36-27FIGURE27TheStatisticsFluctuationBecauseOfLimitedResource’sCapacity1001028FIGURE28TheTasksInSeries0.9*0.9*0.9*0.9=0.656129FIGURE29TheTasksInParallelTask1-3Task2-3Task3-3Task4+9Task5Task1Task3Task4Task2MBAY-37-0.9*0.9*0.9*0.9*0.9=0.5904913491235430FIGURE30TheCurrentRealityTreeOfWastingSavedTimeOfFinishingTaskInAdvance3.2.6MBAY-38-31FIGURE31TheCurrentRealityTreeOfStudentSymptom1010PERT/CPMMBAY-39-’sLaw,,MBAY-40-,,,,(,,,)Task1Task2Task3Task1Task1Task2Task3Task2Task3Task1Task2Task3Task1Task2Task3MBAY-41-33FIGURE33TheCurrentRealityTree