JBT 8812-1998 装载机 术语

ICS53.100P97JB/T8812－1998idtISO7131∶1984装载机术语Loaders—Terminology1998-09-30发布1998-12-01实施国家机械工业局发布前言ISO前言1范围····················································································································································································································12引用标准·········································································································································································································13一般定义·········································································································································································································14主机····················································································································································································································25工作装置和附属装置···············································································································································································76性能术语·······································································································································································································127商业文件的技术规格·············································································································································································12附录A（标准的附录）主机尺寸符号、术语和定义··············································································································16附录B（标准的附录）工作装置和附属装置尺寸符号、术语和定义··········································································20附录C（提示的附录）中文索引·························································································································································24附录D（提示的附录）英文索引························································································································································26JB/T8812－1998目次I前言本标准是等同采用ISO7131：1984《土方机械装载机术语和商业技术规格》。对ZBJ83002—87《装载机术语》进行的修订。本标准自实施之日起，同时代替ZBJ83002—87。本标准的附录A、附录B是标准的附录。本标准的附录C、附录D是提示的附录。本标准由机械工业部工程机械标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准起草单位：机械工业部天津工程机械研究所。本标准主要参加单位：柳州工程机械股份有限公司、厦门工程机械股份有限公司、徐州装载机厂。本标准主要起草人：杨耀锡、吴润才、刘良臣、赵灿明、李锁云、章二平、李蔚苹、胡浩。JB/T8812－1998IIISO前言ISO（国际标准化组织）是国家标准团体（ISO成员国）的世界性联盟。国际标准的制订工作通常由ISO技术委员会进行。每个成员国有权利参加已经设立的技术委员会和感兴趣的课题。与ISO有联络的国际组织、政府和非政府组织也可参加这项工作。ISO与电工标准化方面的国际电工委员会（IEC）密切协作。国际标准草案采用由技术委员会散发给各成员国进行投票表决，作为一项国际标准的发布，要求至少由75%的成员国投赞成票。国际标准ISO7135由ISO/TC127土方机械技术委员会起草制订。JB/T8812－199811范围本标准规定了自行履带式或轮胎式装载机及其工作装置的术语和商业技术文件中的内容。本标准适用于GB8498中定义的装载机。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准昀新版本的可能性。GB8498—87土方机械基本类型术语GB8532—87轮胎式土方机械制动系统的性能要求和试验方法GB8592—88土方机械轮式车辆转向尺寸的测定GB10175—88装载机额定工作载荷GB10400—89装载机的作用力和倾翻载荷的测量方法GB10913—89土方机械行驶速度的测定GB/T14781—93土方机械轮式机械的转向能力GB/T16936—1997土方机械发动机净功率试验规范JB/T8113—95装载机铲斗容量标定ZBJ85003—87工程机械主机尺寸的定义与符号JJ56.2—87土方机械工作装置尺寸、定义及符号3一般定义3.1装载机loader通过安装在前端一个完整的铲斗支承结构和连杆，随机器向前运动进行装载或挖掘，以及提升、运输和卸载的自行式履带或轮胎机械（见GB8498）。3.2主机basemachine由制造厂技术说明书中规定的装载机。主机应配备有安装第5章中列出的工作装置时所必需的连接件和附件。3.3工作装置equipment为执行基本的设计功能，安装在主机上的一组零部件。3.4附属装置attachment为一个特定的用途，能安装在主机上的可选的一组零部件。3.5零部件component国家机械工业局1998-09-30批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准装载机术语Loaders—TerminologyJB/T8812－1998idtISO7131∶1984代替ZBJ83002—871998-12-01实施JB/T8812－19982主机、工作装置或附属装置的零件或部件。4主机basemachine4.1装载机的形式typesofloaders4.1.1底盘undercarriage4.1.1.1履带式装载机crawlerloader（见图1）。4.1.1.2轮胎式装载机wheelloader（见图2）。4.1.2发动机位置enginelocation4.1.2.1前置发动机frontengine（见图3）。4.1.2.2后置发动机rearengine（见图4）。4.1.3转向系统steeringsystem4.1.3.1前轮转向frontwheelsteer（见图5）。4.1.3.2后轮转向rearwheelsteer（见图6）。4.1.3.3全轮转向allwheelsteer（见图7）。4.1.3.4铰接转向articulatedsteer（见图8）。4.1.3.5轮胎滑移转向wheelskidsteer［见图9a）］。4.1.3.6轮胎单独转向wheelindependentsteer［见图9b）］。4.1.3.7履带滑移转向crawlerskidsteer（见图10）。4.1.3.8履带单独转向crawlerindependentsteer（见图11）。4.1.4驱动系统drivesystem4.1.4.1前轮驱动frontwheeldrive（见图12）。4.1.4.2后轮驱动rearwheeldrive（见图13）。4.1.4.3全轮驱动allwheeldrive（见图14）。4.2尺寸dimensions装载机的尺寸见图15和图16。主机尺寸的定义见ZBJ85003，与装载机密切有关的尺寸定义见附录A（标准的附录）。4.3质量masses4.3.1工作质量operatingmass带有标准配置的工作装置、75kg的司机、燃油箱加足燃油，润滑系统、液压系统和冷却系统亦加足液体，并且带有规定形式和尺寸的空载铲斗时的主机质量。4.3.2运输质量shippingmass不包括司机，包括润滑系统、液压系统和冷却系统加足液体，燃油箱加10％的燃油，带或不带规定的工作装置、司机室、机棚，ROPS或FOPS时的主机质量。注：ROPS——翻车保护结构。FOPS——落物保护结构。4.3.3司机室、机棚、ROPS或FOPS质量cab，cannopy，ROPSorFOPSmass包括司机室、机棚、ROPS或FOPS本身的质量和把其安装到主机上所需连接件的质量。JB/T8812－19983底盘（见4.1.1）图1履带式装载机图2轮胎式装载机发动机位置（见4.1.2）图3前置发动机图4后置发动机转向系统（见4.1.3）图5前轮转向图6后轮转向图7全轮转向图8铰接转向JB/T8812－19984a)轮胎滑移转向（v2=0）b）轮胎单独转向（v1≠v2）图9图10履带滑移转向图11履带单独转向（v1≠v2）驱动系统（见4.1.4）图12前轮驱动图13后轮驱动JB/T8812－19985图14全轮驱动图15主机尺寸（履带式装载机）JB/T8812－19986图16主机尺寸（轮胎式装载机）4.4零、部件术语componentnomenclature（见图中数字）①铲斗bucket②切削刃cuttintedge③护栏spillguardJB/T8812－19987④提升臂liftarm⑤提升液压缸cylinder，lift⑥铲斗液压缸cylinder，bucket⑦铲斗连杆link，bucket⑧导向连杆link，guide⑨铲斗摇臂lever，bucket⑩摇臂bellcrank铲斗斗齿tooth，bucket铲斗角刀片cutter，corner侧刀片cutter，side装载机的副车架（区别于主车架）frame，loa