英美文学教案

1BritishLiteratureChapterOneTheAnglo-SaxonPeriod（449-1066）1.TheTeachingObjectives:BecomefamiliarwithsomeBritishliteratureandliterarytraditionsBecomefamiliarwithelementsofBritishcultureSeehowhistoricaleventsarerepresentedinfictionBeabletodifferentiatebetweenhistoricalaccountsandfictionalizedaccountsofhistoryUnderstandnarrativeperspectiveasculturally-positioned2.TheTeachingApproachesIntroducethehistoryoftheancientBritainTellthemsomethingaboutthestoriesofBible.DescribebrieflytheliteratureatthattimeLetthestudentsreadtheoldEnglishPoetryBeowulf.WewilldiscusssomequestionsaboutBeowulf.Homework.3.FocusonBeowulf4.TimeAllocations:HistoricalBackground1periodsOldEnglishLiteratueIntroduction:halfperiodBeowulf:2Period5.Summary6.AssignmentsPreparingtoTeachThisLessonTogainbackgroundknowledgeonthehistoryandcultureoftheBritishpeopleandtohelpstudentsunderstandBeowulfwithinthehistoricalcontextofthenovel'seventsandthetimeofitswritingandpublication.Lesson1usesmapstointroducestudentstotheBritishislandsanditshistoryinthatperiod.I.HistoricalBackground1.TheGreatBritainconsistsof4islands.TheyareEngland,Scotland,Wales,andIreland.2.In43A.D.,theRomansinvadedtheEngland,andmadesouthBritainaRomanprovince.3.WhentheRomanEmpiredeclinedanditstroopsleftBritain,thetribesofAngles,SaxonsandJutesinvadedtheislandfromNorthernEuropearoundthefifthcentury.4.ThethreetribesgraduallysettleddownandmergedintoawholepeoplecalledEnglish.5.Theyspokealanguage,whichbelongtotheGermaniclanguagefamilyandwhichiscalledOld2Englishtoday.Theycultivatedalsoaspecificpoetictradition,theformalcharacterofwhichremainedsurprisinglyconstantuntiltheterminationoftheirrulebytheNorman-Frenchinvaderssixcenturieslater.II.OldEnglishPoetry.1.ThereligiousGroup:①onbiblicalthemesorsaints’lives;MixtureofChristianandpagan②GenesisA/GenesisB/Exodus/TheDreamofRood/ThePhoenix③Suchreligiouspoemssuggestthatthetruefunctionofart,thechurchanditspoetsbelieved,shouldbenotsimplytoreleasemen’sfeelingsbutalsototeachthemandtoenhancetheirdevotion.2.TheSecularGroup①OldEnglishpoetsproducedthenationalepicpoem,Beowulf.②Anumberofmoreorlesslyricalpoemsofshorterlength;③Mostofsecularpoemsarelaments,thelamentofanexile,ofmasterlessbard,ahungrysailoronthewintryseas,orawifepartedfromherhusband.④TheharshclimateofNorthSeastronglyaffectedthetoneormoodofthepoets.Thelifeifsorrowful,andthespeakersarefatalistic,thoughatthesametimecourageousanddetermined.3.Caedmon,the“FatherofEnglishSong”①Caedmon,ashyandmiddle-agedcowherdinWhitby,wasthemanwho,havingreceivedthegiftofsongfromGod,firststartedtosingChristiansongsinEnglish.Itissaidthathesangthecreatingoftheworld,theoriginofman,andsuchasthedepartureofthechildrenofIsraeloutofEgypt,andtheirenteringintothelandofpromise.Thushewasregardedasthe“FatherofEnglishSong”②ThisstoryCaedomwastoldbythehistorianandtheologianSaintBedetheVenerable.ButtherewerenobooksofCaedmon’sleftexceptafewlinesquotedbyBede.4.Beowulf（Indetail）①BeowulfisthefirstgreatEnglishliteraryworkandisregardedtodayasthenationalepicofAnglo-Saxons.②However,theheroandthesettingofBeowulfhavenothingtodowithEngland,forthesorytookplaceinScandinavia1whereexistedasocietythatwashighlycivilizedandrathernewlyChristian.③Thepoemwasoriginallycomposedintheoralform,sungbythebardsattheendofthesixthcentury.Thepresentscriptwaswrittendowninthetenthcentury.④Beginningandendingwiththefuneralofagreatking,andsetagainstabackgroundofimpendingdisaster,BeowulfdescribestheexploitsofaScandinavianhero,infightingagainstthemonsterGrendel,hisrevengefulmother,andafire-breathingdragon.5.ArtisticFeaturesofOldEnglishPoetry①OldEnglishpoetryiscomposedwithoutrhyme;②Almostallthispoetryisstronglycharacterizedwithstructuralalliteration.③Tosettheverseapartfromnormalspeechandmarkitoutasaspecialmodelofdiscourse,itmakesuseofvividpoeticdictionandparallelexpressionsforasingleidea,especiallythoseofKenning[n.比喻的1Scandinavia:AregionofnorthernEuropeconsistingofNorway,Sweden,andDenmark.Finland,Iceland,andtheFaeroeIslandsareoftenincludedintheregion.斯堪的纳维亚北欧一地区，包括挪威、瑞典和丹麦，通常芬兰、冰岛和法罗群岛也包括在这一地区内3复合辞]（compoundwords,）suchas,swan-roadorwhale-path,（sea）sea-wood,wave-floater（ship）,shield-bearer,battle-herospear-fighter（soldier）III.OldEnglishProse1.ProseinOldEnglishisrepresentedbyalargenumberofreligiousworks.TheimposingscholarshipofmonasteriesinnorthernEnglandinthelateseventhcenturyreacheditspeakintheLatinworkHistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorum（EcclesiasticalHistoryoftheEnglishPeople,731）byBede,adistinguished,highlyliteratechurchman.ItisthefirstEnglandhistorybook,writteninLatinandlatertranslatedintoEngland;anditremainsanimportantsourceofknowledgeabouttheAnglo-Saxonperiod.2.AlfredtheGreatIV.SelectedReadingsPreparationStep1.Attheendofthisarticleyou'llfindanexcerptfromtheimmortalepicpoem,Beowulf.Readitaloudtoyourclass(hamitup过火地表演asmuchasmightbeappropriate).Step2.Havestudentsnoticethat,exceptforafewhints,theauthordoesnotprovideaphysicaldescriptionofthemonster,Grendel.Thisomissionisthekeytheteachercanturntounlockstudents'interestinthepoem.Step3.PrintthenameGrendelontheboardoroverheadpr