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1.costn.[U]费用，代价对于许多父母来说,两份薪水支付上学的费用是很基本的.Formanyparents,twosalariesareessentialtocoverthecostof(=payfor)schoolfees.v.[T]cost,costHowmuchdoesthisbookcost(=Whatisthepriceofthisbook)?costly:adj.expensive:昂贵的2coverv.①.采访，报道ShecoveredtheoutbreakofbirdfluinVietNam.她在越南采访有关禽流感暴发事件。②.掩饰，隐藏Shelaughedtocoverheranxiety.她试图以笑来掩饰她的焦虑。③（不用被动语态）行过（路程），学过Wecoveredabout30milesaday.我们每天大约走三十英里。④（钱）足够付Isthemoneyenoughtocoverthetuition?这笔钱付学费够吗？3eageradj.渴望的，beeagerforsth.热切/渴望Hewaseagerforsuccess.beeagertodosth.渴望做某事eageranxious都有“渴望”之意，Eager带有更多的热切、兴奋的情绪。Anxious带有更多的焦虑的心情。4case事实，实情，情况,事例，实例incase以防；可能；incaseof如果；万一inthat/thiscase在那样/这种情况下innocase决不▲注意：incase的从句常用一般现在时表示将来，或should+do.1.________fire,ringthealarmbell.2.__________hecomes,letmeknow.3.__________shouldthebirdflubespread.4.Itmightraintomorrow._________wewillhavetoputoffthesportsmeetuntilnextFridayIncaseofIncaseInnocaseInthatcase5lookforwardto:她盼望着再次看到她的孙子孙女们.Shewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegrandchildrenagain.6experiencedadj.有经验的，熟练的，beexperiencedat/in在某方面熟练Heisveryexperiencedin/atrepairingcars.7avoid(避免)doingsth.deny(否认)doingsth.Admit(承认)doingsth.8soasto与inordertosoasto只能放在主句后．inorderto可放在主句前，也可放在主句后．9accuse,charge,blame词义辨析accuse（指控）sb.of(doing)sth.charge(指控）sb.with(doing)sth.accuse(指责）sb.of(doing)sth.blame（责备）sb.for(doing)sth.10Practice相关短语或表达：Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。putsth.intopractice把…付诸于实践practisedoingsth.inpractice在实践中outofpractice疏于练习11life-stylen.wayoflife生活方式eg:Heandhisbrotherhavequitedifferentlife-styles.12regularadj.有规律的,定期的regularlyadv.13inthelongterm就长期而言intheshortterm就短期而言就长期而言，这件事是值得做的。Itisworthdoinginthelongterm.14skipvt.跳过,略过Weskippedscienceclassagain.我们又一次逃了自然科学课15Controlvt.&n.控制,管理,调节我们大家都要学会控制自己.Allofusshouldlearntocontrolourselves.losecontrolofsth.getsth.undercontroloutofcontrol16takein（1）吸收，吸入（2）了解，理解，领会17Thisishowthestorygoes.go:流通，流传Thestorygoesthat….据说Anoldsayinggoes有一句俗话18besupposedtodosth.表示主语被要求做某事，含有必须、应该或理应做某事之意．besupposedto的不定式可以有完成式，表示应该做而未做的事．Heissupposedtohavecometothemeetingnow.他本该现在已到了（但他没来）．1.Annecouldn’tconcentrate___whatshewasdoingwhileherfamilywerewatchingTV.A.toB.onC.forD.in2.Itmightraintomorrow,____wewillhavetoputoffthesportsmeetuntilnextFriday.A.incaseB.ifpossibleC.inwhichcaseD.inthatcase3.Thetrain____arriveat1:30,butitwasanhourlate.A.wasabouttoB.waslikelytoC.wascertaintoD.wassupposedto4.____disturbhissleepingfather,Tomtiptoedintohisroom.A.SoasnottoB.InordernottoC.SothatnotD.Inorderthatnot5.Janewaspaintingthebellsand___PatwaswatchingTV.A.atehmeanwhileB.meanwhileC.whenD.while6.Duringsummerholidays,Ialwaystakeupgardeningasmy_____topassmytime.A.occupationB.businessC.professionD.employmentBCDBBA语法部分：Ⅰ带todoing的常用结构1.动词+介词to+动名词（1）admittodoingsth承认做了某事(2)applytodoingsth适用于做某事(3)objecttodoingsth反对做某事(4)seetodoingsth负责做某事(5)sticktodoingsth坚持做某事(6)taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事2.动词+宾语+介词to+动名词(1)applyoneselftodoingsth专心致力于做某事(2)devotesth/oneselftodoingsth把…献给/献身于做某事(3)limitsthtodoingsth把…限制在做某事的范围内(4)reducesbtodoingsth使某人沦为做某事(5)giveone’slifetodoingsth献身于做某事(6)payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事(7)setone’smindtodoingsth决心做某事(8)addictoneselftodoing沉溺于做某事3.be+形容词+介词to+动名词beequaltodoingsth能胜任做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事bereducedtodoingsth使某人沦为做某事bedevotedtodoingsth献身、致力于做某事belimitedtodoingsth把…限制在做某事的范围内ⅡSo+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语表示上述肯定情况也适用于该主语。IwasatCenterSchoollastyear.SowasmyfriendBob.去年我在中心学校，我朋友鲍勃也是。Ihaveseenthefilmtwice;sohasmysister.这部电影我已经看过两遍，我姐姐也是。相关链接：1.Neither/Nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。2.Itisthesamewith+名词/代词宾格Soitiswith+名词/代词宾格表示上述混合情况（肯定和否定的混合没有统一的助动词）也适用于该句主语。3.So+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。4.主语+动词+so主语做了前文所述的事情。▲agoodamountof“许多，大量”，修饰不可数名词。1)agood/greatmanyalarge/great/goodnumberofagoodfew/quietafew+可数名词复数（作主语时谓语动词用复数）2)manya/an+单数可数名词（作主语时，谓语动词用单数）3)agreat/gooddealofagood/largeamountof+不可数名词（作主语时，谓语动词用单数）4）alotof=lotsofplentyof+可数名词复数或不可数名词（作主语时谓语动词根据名词确定alargegreatquantityoflargequantitiesof+可数名词复数（作主语时谓语动词用复数）或不可数（作主语时谓语动词由quantity的单复数决定）过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.(1)作状语：分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下，如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，否则用现在分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。注意比较下面的句子：Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.=Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfreshWalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.2)作表语：一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，-ed形式常和人有关，-ing形式常和物有关。look,expression等词作主语时常用-ed形式作表语，但有时要看具体情况。请在下面的几组句中体会他们的区别Thenewswasveryexciting.Iwasexcitedatit..Thebookisinteresting.HeisinterestedinitThequestionispuzzling.Hislookispuzzled.Hisexpressionwasfrightening.Iwasfrighteneddelighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的tiring令人疲倦的-tir