高考总复习:高一英语--Unit5Unit5Whydoyoudothat?Lesson171.intheearthearth这里意思为“泥土”。本课出现的earth,soil和ground三个词意思相近,都作“土,土壤”解,可以通用。例如:Whentheplantsareintheground,Illputsomepowderonthesoil.Therainsinksintotheearth/soil.除此之外,earth,soil和ground也有不同。earth还可作“地球,大地”解,如ontheearth(在地球上)等;ground还可作“地面,场地”解,如ontheground(在地上),sportsground(运动场)等。2.feedv.feed(fed,fed)意思为“喂养,饲养,给……提供食物”,常与介词on连用,可以说feedsb.onsth.或feedsth.tosb.。例如:Wefeedourdogonfreshmeateveryday.Feedsomemilktothebaby.Shemustbehungry.3.infactinfact意思为“实际上,事实上”,常用来进一步强调或说明所讲的话。例如:Hedoesntmind.Infact,heisverypleased.他并不介意,事实上他非常满意。Shedoesnthaveacar.Infact,shecantdrive,either.4.Illwaterthemtostopthesoilgettingtoodry.stop...(from)doing...这里意思为“阻止/阻拦……做某事”,其中from可以省略。例如:Thepolicemanstoppedthefightintime.Howcanwestopthesun(from)burningtheplants?我们怎么样才能使植物不被太阳晒枯呢?5.Itllmakethecabbageplantsgrowbigandstrong.make...dosth.意思为“使……做某事”,其中make后面的不定式短语要省略to,但是变为被动结构时,不定式短语要带to,即bemadetodosth.。例如:MrChenmademedothisexperimentagain.Theworkersweremadetoworkalldayandallnightinthepast.Lessons18&191.growgrow(grew,grown)作及物动词用时,意思为“种植”;作不及物动词用时,意思为“生长”;作系动词用时,意思为“变得”。例如:Wegrowvegetablesinourgarden.OrangesgrowinSpain.2.afewof...afewof...相当于someof...,意思为“……中一些人”,具有肯定含义。而fewof...则相当于almostnoneof...,意思为“……中几乎没有人”,具有否定含义。二者后面均接可数名词的复数。例如:Iknowafewofmybrothersfriends.Iknowfewofmybrothersfriends.我几乎不认识我哥哥的朋友。3.theresttherest表示“剩下(的部分),其余(的部分)”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的词。若它所指代的是复数名词,谓语动词用复数;若它所指代的是不可数名词或单数名词,谓语动词则用单数。例如:Ionlyborrowedsomeofthebooksandtherestarestillthere.Ineedonlyalittleorange;therestisforyou.Hetookonepartofthecakeandtherestwasforhisbrother.4.carryaway本课中carryaway意思为“冲走”(=washaway),它还有“运走,拿走”的意思。例如:Hecarriedawayhisluggageinmybedroom.Thetruckswillcarrytheapplesawaytothemarket.5.downprep.down作介词时,意为“沿着,顺着”(=along)。例如:Walkdownthestreetandtakethefirstturningonyourleft.Theyswamdowntheriver.6.twiceayeartwiceayear,表示“一年两次”,onceayear表示“一年一次”,三次或三次以上用times,如threetimesayear(一年三次),fourtimesayear(一年四次)等。7.knockdown1)knock本意为“敲打,撞击”,knockdown意思为“撞倒,打倒”。例如:Heknockeddownachildwhenhehurriedoff.Thecowknockedthetreedown.2)英语中动词+副词结构中(如knockdown等),如果宾语是名词,则名词既可置于副词前,也可置于副词后;如果宾语是人称代词,则一定要置于副词前。常用于此结构的副词还有on,away,up,off等。例如:Themeatsmellsterrible.Throwitaway.Itswarmandyoucantakeoffyourcoat.8.Peoplehadtowalkmanykilometresinordertofetchwood.人们不得不走很多公里去取木柴。英语中,我们可以用to,inorderto或sothat来表示目的。区别是:to,inorderto和以前学过的soasto引导的是目的状语短语,构成简单句。例如:Hegotupearlyto/inorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.To/Inordertogetbackhisball,theboysaidsorrytotheoldmanforbreakinghiswindow.【注意】soasto不能置于句首。sothat引导目的状语从句,构成复合句,并且从句中谓语动词常与can(could),may(might)等情态动词连用。例如:Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.Theyarestudyinghardsothattheywill/maypassthefinalexamination.to,inorderto,soasto和sothat引导的目的状语,在下列情况中替换如下:1)主、从句主语一致。例如:Helistenedcarefullysothathecouldfollowtheteacher.→Helistenedcarefullytofollowtheteacher.2)主、从句主语不一致。例如:Hestoppedsothatthestudentscouldwritedownthewordsontheblackboard→Hestoppedforthestudentstowritedownthewordsontheblackboard.3)sothat也可以引导表示结果的状语从句,意思是“因此”。例如:Itwastoocold,sothatwecouldntwork.天太冷了,因此我们无法工作。Heoftentellsstoriesthatarenottrue,sothatnobodybelieveshim.他常常编造故事,因此没人相信他。例1单项填空Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentlosehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto【解析】答案为B。本题考查不定式否定式的表达法。否定副词not要放在todo的前面。例2单项填空Hewasreadingamagazinewhilewalking.Healmost.A.knockedmedownB.knockeddownmeC.turnedmeoverD.turnedoverme【解析】答案为A。本题考查knockdown和turnover的区别。knockdown为“撞倒”,turnover为“翻转”;人称代词作他们的宾语要放在中间,所以选A。例3单项填空Shortlyafterwe,awaitercameovertoourtablewithasmile.A.seatedB.wereseatedC.satourselvesD.tookplace【解析】答案为B。seat为及物动词,该接宾语或用被动式;sit为不及物动词,不能接宾语;takeplace为“发生”,不合语境。takeonesplace才表示“就位”。所以选B。