19993(),,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,:;,;WHLevieRLentz3155,,:;;,,,,,:,Willows(1979)FMDwer,,,,0133,1125SchallertGoetzDixonHaringFry(1979),179171,:,,,,,,;,02,,,Freisinger(1976)SewellMoore(1980),,25%,RoyerCable(1976),Dwyer(1967),:,,,,,;,;,,Dwyer,,,,LevinBerry(1980),,Small(1981),,,Halbert(1943):,Smauels(1967),,,,,(),Bartram(1980),,,,,,,Dana(1980),;Alver2mann(1981),;Berrnard(1981),,,MooreKeadence(1979)Borron(1980),,30%,Peak(1980),,,,,,,,,,,,19791981,DuchastelLevin,,:,,,,(Vernon,1954),;,12,,,,,,,,,Tennyson(1978),;SamulesBiesbrockFerry(1974),(Moore,1980)Vernon(1953),,(Litcher,Tohson,1969)(Parish,Bryant,1977),;,,,,,BransfordTohnson(1972),,,Sherman(1976),,,Dwyer(1968),24,1945%,9%?LevinBenderLesgold(1976),Paivio(1971),,,,44%,23%Wardle(1977),Willow(1980)Rusted(1979),,,Kennedy(1974),(),,,,,,,:;,Levin(1981),,,Olson(1977),,,GoodyandRoontz(1936),,2225%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.:(),,1988,19932.Levie,W.H.andLentz,R.,Effectsoftextillustration:AReviewofResearch,EducationCommunicationandtechnologyjournal,No.4,1982.3.Duchastel,P.C.,Textbookillustration:Researchandinstruitionnaldesign,EducationalmediaYearbook,1980.(:)32