高三英语词法

高三英语词法Hehadlittleideathatitwasgettingsolate,didhe?为什么不用wasit?什么时候小分句与从句的动词对应？请参看下面的第11条规则。-Hehadlittleideathatitwasgettingsolate,didhe?-Yes.此回答表示yes,hehadlittleidea吗？不是。Yes,hedid.不，他知道。补全应是：Yes,heknewthatitwasgettingsolate.如果用No回答则是：No,hehadlittleideathatitwasgettingsolate.(是的)小议反意疑问句（附加问句）QuestionTagsorTagQFuestions附加问句是指跟在叙述句或祁使句之后的短问句.是由“助动词+主语”构成。构成要点分述如下：1.叙述句。MrLeeliveshere,doesn’the?/Maryiscomingtomorrow,isn’tshe?Youhadbetterchangeyourwetshoes,hadn’tyou?(注意hadbetter的附加问句形式是：hadn’t+主语)Peopleshouldn’ttellalieunlessit’snecessary,shouldthey?Youcouldn’tlendmeyourcar,couldyou?(orIsuppose?)Youdon’tknowofanyhousesforrentanywhereroundhere,doyou?2.前者是肯定时后者用否定，前者是否定时后者用肯定。所谓否定，不限于动词部分有否定的字not,只要有no,noone,none,neither,nobody,nothing,few,little,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,seldom等否定的字都视为否定，后者都改用肯定。如：Hehasfewgoodreasonsfordoingso,hashe?Youhaveverylittletimeforwriting,haveyou?Heseldomgiveshiswifeapresent,doeshe?You’vehardlysleptatallthisweek,haveyou?NobodycamewhileIwasout,didthey?3.前后的助动词必须相同，前者若无助动词，后者则用do/does/did。如：Youmustobeyyourparents,mustn’tyou?(例外)前者若是usedto（表示过去的习惯），后者虽可用usedn’t,但口语中通常都用didn’t.如：Youusedtohaveapictureonthatwall,didn’t(orusedn’t)you?4.前者的动词是have/has/had而含义是“有”时，后者仍可用have/has/had,但是美语中常用do/does/did;如果含义不是“有”，一律用do/does/did。如：Hehasagoodmemory,hasn’t(ordoesn’t)he?Youhad(=received)aletterfromhomethismorning,didn’tyou?(不可以用hadn’tyou?)Yourfatherhas(=takes=eats)breadandmilkforbreakfast,doesn’the?(不可以用hasn’the?)5.前者若是“Iam”，后者在正式的场合用“amInot?“，在非正式的口语中则用”aren’tI?”。如：Iamlate,amInot(oraren’tI)?6.前者和后者的时态必须相同。如：Yourmotherplayedthepianowonderfully,didn’tshe?7.前者的主语若是nothing,anything,something,everything,或是指非人的all,或是非指人的指示代词that,this,由于后者的主语必须时人称代词，若以一律用it。如：Nothingcanstopourgoing,canit?Allwewantispeaceandprosperity,isn’tit?Thatwasthelastbus,wasn’tit?8.前者的主语若是noone,none,neither,nobody,anybody,anyone,或是指人时的all,these,those,后者的主语都用they。如：Nobodyshoulddroplitteronpavements,shouldthey?Noonewouldobject,wouldthey?Neitherofthemcomplained,didthey?Thoseoverthereareyourstudents,aren’tthey?9.前者的主语是句子或短语时，后者的主语用it。如：Whatshesaidwasnotbelievable,wasit?Beingidleisthecauseofhisfailure,isn’tit?10.前者的主语部位是there时后者的主语部分仍用there。如：Therewon’tbeanytrouble,willthere?There’snooneelseintheroom,isthere?11.原则上，复句之后的附加问句是和主句一致，与从句无关。如：Shesaidherhusbandhadgoneabroad,didn’tshe?Peopleshouldn’ttellalieunlessitisnecessary,shouldthey?(例外)主句是(第一人称)Isuppose/think/consider/believe/imagine/guess时，附加问句要以名词从句谓依据。如：Isupposeheoughttohaveknownthat,oughtn’the?Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,willthey?12.祁使句A.表示邀请的祁使句之后的附加问句用”won’tyou”?Sitdown,won’tyou?/Dositdown,won’tyou?Haveacupoftea,won’tyou?B.表示请求可用“willyou?wouldyou?canyou?couldyou?”Givemeahand,willyou?Openawindow,wouldyou?Getmesomestamps,can(orcould)you?C.祁使句之后用can’tyou?是表示“很不耐烦“的意思。如：Bequiet,can’tyou?Shutup,can’tyou?D.Let’sstartearly,shallwe(orokay)?Let’sgohome,shallwe?E.Don’ttouchhim,willyou?Don’tforget,willyou?13.情态动词与havedone或do(be)连用，表示猜测或虚拟时，附加问句不能用情态动词构成，而应看原来的句子应该用什麽时态的对应助动词构成。如：Theymusthavebeenherethedaybeforeyesterday,didn’tthey?Hemustbehome,isn’the?