高三英语定语从句1

高三英语定语从句1北京四中毕勤一、语法知识在复合句中，修饰某一名词和代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它相当于形容词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词和关系副词既联系从句和先行词，还在从句中充当一个成分。关系代词1．Who(人，主格，从句中作主语，非正式文体中代替whom作宾语，但是如果关系代词作介词的宾语，介词提前，就不用who，而用whom)Thepersontowhomyouspokeisafamousactor.Thepersonwho(whom)youspoketoisafamousactor.2．Whom(人，宾格，从句中作宾语，非正式文体中常省略)3．Whose(多指人，也可物，指物可以与ofwhich互换，从句中作定语)Hementionedabookwhoseauthor(=theauthorofwhich)Ican'tremembernow.4.Which(指物，从句中作主语或宾语，宾语时常省略)关系代词whom,which作从句中介词的宾语，介词一般提前，也可放在后面。但如果从句中的介词为谓语的动词短语，介词不能提前，需紧挨动词。Shesatonthecornerofthetablenearthedoorbywhichhehusbandalwaysentered.Shesatonthecornerofthetablenearthedoorwhichhehusbandalwaysenteredby.Thisisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor.但是先行词是时间，介词应放在关系代词which之前，不放在句尾。I'llneverforgetthedaywhichIfirstmetyouon.(Χ)如果whom,which为介词宾语被省略，介词不能提前。Ihavethebookyouaretalkingabout.Thegirlheleanedagainstwashissister.5.that(指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，还可以作表语，作宾语或表语可以省略)Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.that在从句中作介词的宾语，介词不提前，反之介词提前，必不用that.Thehousethatweliveinisnotlarge.Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.Thehouseweliveinisnotlarge.That指物可以与which互换，以下几种情况只用that.1.先行词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰。3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。ThatwhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttohave.Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks.5.有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.6.当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that,而不用who(whom),which.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。6．as常用于thesame---as,such---as,as---as,so---as但as引导从句表示内容与主句相似，同类；that表示内容与主句同一，同一事物。ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.Such---as可以放在一起以suchas形式放在名词后。Shecollectedagreatmanystoriessuchasachildoffourcouldunderstand.另外as可以代表整个内容，前后都可以，但有逗号分开。Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.翻译为正如---。关系副词1．When（表示时间，时间状语）Time是先行词，前面有序数词和last修饰，用that或什麽都不用ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgivealesson.ThefirstfilmIsawhimwasin1986.2．where（表示地点，地点状语）3．why（表示原因，原因状语，先行词reason）非限制性定语从句1．从句与先行词关系松散。2．如果定语从句省略仍然完整。3．有逗号。4．关系代词不用that,人（who,whom）物(which)。5．关系副词when,where,但why通常是限制性定语从句。6．可以用来修饰整个主句的意思，which不能提前放在句首。二、练习与检测1.Afootballfanis_____hasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what2.Thehouse,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof3.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout4.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich5.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom6.Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where9.I'lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all10.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who'sC.whoseD.which11.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone12.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone13.-Howdoyoulikethebook?-It'squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat14.Whichsentenceiswrong?A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.15.Thetrain_____shewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat16.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_____thepapersarekept.A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhichD.which17.Antarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich18.It'sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou'vearrivedD.whenyou'vearrived19.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because20.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which三、练习与检测答案1-5CADAB6-10DABDC11-15ADCAC16-20ADCBC