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高三英语时态、语态I.知识要点1.完成时态用法要点1）现在完成时态与过去时态的区别现在完成时态说明过去到现在为止已发生的动作或已有的经验，并对现在有影响。过去时态表示曾发生过事情。例：HowlongdidyouliveinShanghai?(现在不在上海)HowlonghaveyoulivedinShanghai?(现在仍在上海)--Wherehaveyouputmybook?Ican’tfindit.--Iputitrighthere.2）完成时态常见句型A.Ithasbeen（is）+时间+since+一般过去时态B.havedone+since(for)C.haddone+before/when+一般过去时态D.haddone+bytheendof/upto/till+过去时间E．willhavedone+bytheendof+现在时间例：A.Itis(hasbeen)fiveyearssinceImovedhere.B.Wehaven’tseeneachothersincewemetlastmonth(foryears).C.Hehadlearned2000EnglishwordsbeforehewenttoAmerica.D.Wehadputupfivepowerstationsherebytheendoflastyear.E.Wewillhavelearnedtentextsbytheendofthisterm.注意：1.表示第几次去（到）某地，在句式中，后面常用现在完成时。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecometoAmerica.2.先行词是形容词的最高级或者被最高级修饰时，定语从句常用完成时态。ThisIsthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与for+一段时间或since+时间连用。常见瞬间动词有：arrive,reach,start,begin,leave,close,open,finish,join,buy,die,find,see,go,但可以与否定式连用例：Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.误Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.正Hehasn’treturnedhomefor3years.3)完成进行时态与进行时态的区别完成进行时态表示动作从过去一直持续到现在；而进行时时态只指目前正在发生的动作。例：Hehasbeenreadingthatmagazinesincelastnight.Heisreadingamagazine.4）在状语从句中代替将来时态。例：Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.IwillgivemyopinionwhenIhavereadthebookthrough.Wewillstartateightifithasstoppedrainedbythen.2．将来时态的表达形式1）will/shall（只用于第一人称）+do单纯的将来例：TheywillflytoBeijing.IshallgotoShanghaibeforeyoucomeback.一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。1.Cropswilldiewithoutwater.2.Oilwillfloatonwater.2)begoingto+do表示近期的计划的计划、打算、安排或根据现有的各种因素判断很快发生的事情例：Wearegoingtovisitachemistryplantnextweek.It’sgoingtorain,forit’sgettingdark.3）betodo表示预先的计划或说话人的意志（命令，劝告）例：HeistostayheretillIreturn.(Hemuststay)Heisworkinghardathislessonsandheisgoingtotakeanexaminationnextweek.4)beabouttodo表示很近的将来，“就要”，“即将”，“快要”的意思。例：Hurryup,theplayisabouttostartnow.Theplaneisabouttotakeoff.5)be+comimg(leaving,reaching,returning,starting,dying,arriving,settingout)表示即将发生的动作，常与表示未来的时间副词连用。例：Allaboardplease,thetrainisleaving.Hisfatherisarrivingtonight.6）一般现在时态代替将来时态（1）表示按规定或预计将要发生的事情。（2）用于间、条件等状语从句中。例：Theplanetakesoffateightinthemorning.ItisSundaytomorrowWeleaveBeijingat8a.mandarriveat7p.mIfIseehimtomorrow,Iwilltellhimthatgoodnews.3.1)过去的两个动作如果一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，那么发生前的就用过去完成时，即“过去的过去”。Whenhereachedtheshop,Ithadalreadyclosed.2)had+hoped(expected,supposed,meant,thought,wanted)表示未实现的希望、计划、想法等。例：Ihadhopedtopassedtheexam,butIwasnotwellthatday.Ihadthoughtthathehaddiedthreeyearsbefore.3)在Nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely/barely)..when…句式中，前面用过去完成时。意为“刚……就……”“……就……”Hardlyhadtheybeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.NosoonerhadIfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.4.时态呼应时态呼应主要用于宾语从句中，既：1）当主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可以用任何所需时态。2）当主句是过去时态时，从句必须用过去的某种时态。例：HesaysthathewillgotoWuhan(hewenttoWuhanlastweek)HetoldmethathehadbeentoAmerica.5.be+always+doing表示的不是进行时态而是一种感情色彩。例：Heisalwayshelpingothers.(表扬)Theyarealwaysspittinginpublic.(批评)6.主动形式被动意义的句子。例：Thebooksellswell.Thepoemsreadsmoothly.Theclothwasheswell.Theknifecutswell.Thefilmwillfinishsoon.Theboxcarrieseasily.7.主动表示被动的结构。1）havesomethingtodo2）Sth.+be+adj.+todo3）beworthdoing4）taste(sound,smell,feel)+adj.5）Sth.needs(require,want)+doing例：Theyhavealotoffoodtoeat.Thetextisveryeasytounderstand.Thatbookiswellworthreading.Theclothfeelssoft.Theoldneedrespecting.8.易误用于被动语态的动词，如：breakout,takeplace,happen,belongto,cost,last,become.例：Thebookisbelongedtome.误Thebooksbelongstome对9．Vt+宾语+do句型转换成被动语态时“do”前要加“to”.例：Thebossmadehisworkersworkdayandnight.Hisworkersweremadetoworkdayandnight.III.高考题实录1.–Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.(95)--It’s9568442.A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t2.--____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.(95)--Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold3.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.(95)A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.(95)A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet5.Ido’tthinkJimsawme;he___intospace.(95)A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared6.--___myglasses?--Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.(96)A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen7.Helen___herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_______home.(96)A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome8.–CanIhelpyou,sir?--Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit____.(96)A.didn’tworkB.won’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She____ataradioshopatthetime.(97)A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked10.—Isthisraincoatyours?(97)--No,mine____therebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung11.–WhoisJerryCooper?(97)--___?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyet12.—Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?(98)--______.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,Ihaven’tC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihaven’t13.–Nancyisnotcomingtonight.–Butshe____!(98)A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised14.Shirley____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.(98)A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting15.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.–Iamtired.I___thelivingroomallday.(98)A.paintedB.ha