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Unit8LearningaForeignLanguage具体内容1.Howwereweabletomakesenseofwhatweheardanddistinguishedthemistakesanderrorsfrom“good”language?makesense:haveanunderstandablemeaning;besensibleeg.Whatyousaymakesnosense.Itwouldmakesensetoleaveearly.makesenseofsth.:understandsthdifficultorapparentlymeaninglesseg.Canyoumakesenseofthispoem?Distinguish…from…/distinguishbetween…and…eg.Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencolorsaresaidtobecolor-blind.2.Somebelievethatweareequippedwithaspecialabilitytolearnlanguageandthatourbrainadjustsitselftothelanguageweheararoundus.Adjuststh/oneselftosth:becomeormakesuitedtonewconditionseg.Thebodyquicklyadjustedtochangesintemperature.3.…bothofwhichcontributetotheirincreasedabilitytolearn.Contributesthtosth:giveone’ssharetohelp;increasesth.;helptocause;writearticlesforapublication.eg.Everyoneshouldcontributewhatheorshecanafford.Herworkhascontributedtoourunderstandingofthisdifficultsubject.Shehascontributedtoliterarymagazines.4.Manyparentsworryaboutthesafetyoftheirchildrenandmayalsobeconcernedaboutthecost.Beconcernedabout/forsth/that…:beworriedaboutBeconcernedwithsth:beaboutsth.Beconcernedinsth:havesomeconnectionwithorresponsibilityforsth.eg.Hewasconcernedinthecrime.Herlatestdocumentaryisconcernedwithyouthunemployment.I’mconcernedthattheymayhavegotlost.5.状语从句（1）地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。例如：WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.WhereverIam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.（2）方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,（just）as…so…,asif,asthough引导。（a）as,（just）as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体。例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.Aswateristofish,soairistoman.Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.（b）asif,asthough两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”。例如：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif（asthough）theyneverexisted.Helooksasif（asthough）hehadbeenhitbylighting.Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.说明：asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.（3）原因状语从句比较because,since,as和for：（a）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。例如：Ididn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.（b）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如：Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.（4）目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase等词引导。例如：Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）heshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.（5）结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so…that或such…that引导。so…that与such…that之间可以转换。例如：Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.（6）条件状语从句连接词主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat等。if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless=ifnot.例如：Let’sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.Ifyouarenottootied,let’sgooutforawalk.（7）让步状语从句（a）though,although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。例如：Althoughit’sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain.（b）as,though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如：Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.（c）everif,eventhough即使。例如：We’llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.（d）whether…or…不管……都。例如：Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.（e）“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”。例如：Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.替换：nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however注意：nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（对）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.（Whateveryousay是主语从句）（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey’regiven,（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.【典型例题】[例1]Youwillbelate_____youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or答案：A解析：句意：除非你立即走，否则你就会迟到的。可转化为Ifyoudon’tleaveimmediately,youwillbelate。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为Youleaveimmediatelyoryouwillbelate.[例2]itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave答案：D解析：该题考查祈使句与状语之间的差别。And是连词，应该连两个语法作用相同的句子，而不能连接一个主句一个从句。[例3]Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen______hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif答案：C解析：本题考状语从句关联词的用法。Sothat引导目的状语从句。[例4]_____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.ThepersonB.NomatterwhoC.WhoD.Whoever答案：D。解析：whoever引导主语从句，兼做先行词和关系词，等于anybodywho。Nomatterwho只能引导状语从句，不能引导主语从句。[例5]Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun答案：D解析：本题中的that从句是结果状语从句。Oncebegun是onceitisbegun的省略。【模拟试题】1.I’dgetitforyou______Icouldrememberwholastborrowedthebook.A.onconditionthatB.nowthatC.exceptthatD.consideringthat2.Therobbertoldhimthathehadbetterkeepsilent______hewantedtogetintotrouble.A.ifB.unlessC.otherwiseD.whether3.Strange______hisbehaviormaybe,thereisaverygoodreasonforit.A.althoughB.evenifC.thatD.as4.Weareworriedaboutoursonbecausenooneisaware______hehasgone.A.theplaceB.ofwhereC.abouttheplaceD.where5.Thepro