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英语阅读（十四）ATokyo:Ourkids,theJapanesegovernmentannounced,haveforgottenhowtobehave.Theycan’tbebotheredwithhousework.Iftheyseesomeonebeingwronged,theyprobablylooktheotherway.Fewcountrieshaveplacedmoreimportanceonbeingwell-behavedinpublicthanJapan.Thesimplestrequestsfordirectionsoftenresultinguidedtours.Smilingshop-keepersarestilltherule.Lostwalletsusuallymaketheirwaybacktotheirowners.Butaccordingtorecentsurveys,allthatmaybegoingthewayoftheancienthair-do(发式).AndJapan’sgovernmenthasgoneintosomethingofacrisismode(危急时刻).AJapaneseEducationMinistrysurveyformedlatein1999andmadepubliclastmonthfoundthatJapanmovesbehindothernationsinreachingyoungstersrightfromwrong.ItalsoreportedthatJapanesechildrenarelesshelpfulanddofarlesshouseworkthantheirforeignpeers(同龄人)inallclasses.Buttheyarebetterabouttakingdirtydishestothekitchenafterdinner.Inaddition,JapanesekidsaremorelikelytodyetheirhairandcarrycellphonesthanAmericanandChinesekids,accordingtoanothersurvey,byaTokyo-basedthink-tank(专家小组).Childreninabout8percentofpublicschoolclassroomsaresodisorderlythatteacherscannotholdlessons,furtherrecentreportsshow.Childrenrefusetosit,tolistenortostoptalking.Olderandmiddle-agedJapanesecontinuetohaveasolidsenseofgoodmannersandsocialjustice(正义),saysProfessorYoshinaHiranofromShinshuUniversity,whowasappointedtodirecttheministry’ssurvey.Despitetheknowledgeofgoodmannersamongadults,thebreakdowninmannersmaybespreading,hesaid.1．Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat.A．theJapanesegovernmenthasgonebadB．kidsinJapanhaveabadmemoryC．kidsinJapanseldomhelptheirparentswithhouseworkD．kidsinJapanaretoobusytohelpothers2．Thesecondparagraphseemstoshowusthat.A．theeducationsystemofJapanisbetterthanthatofanyothercountryB．shopkeepersinJapanaretookindtotheircustomersC．JapanesekidsoftenfindwalletsontheirwaycustomersD．Japaneseadultsinpublicplacesactpolitelytoeachother3．Theunderlinephrase“madepublic”inthispassagemeans.A．knowntoallB．usedbyeveryoneC．relatedtoeveryoneD．foundwashdishesafterdinner4．ItisimpliedinthispassagethatJapanesekids.A．spendmuchtimedoingtheirhomeworkB．leadanadvancedmodernlifeC．havetheirhaircuttoooftenD．oftenwashdishesafterdinnerBSomeyearsagoindustrieshadmorefreedomthantheyhavenow,andtheydidnotneedtobeascarefulastheymustbetoday.Theydidnotneedtoworryalotaboutthesafetyofthenewproductsthattheydeveloped.Theydidnothavetopaymuchattentiontothehealthandsafetyofthepeoplewhoworkedforthem.Oftennewproductsweredangerousforthepeoplewhousedthem;oftenconditionsintheworkplacehadverybadeffectsonthehealthoftheworkers.Ofcoursesometimestherewererealdisasterswhichshowedtheneedfoechanges.Alsoscientistswhoweredoingresearchintothehealthofworkerssometimesproducedinformationwhichgovernmentsshouldpayattentionto.Atsuchtime,therewereinquiries(调查)intothecauseofthedisasterortheproblems.Newsafetyruleswereoftenintroducedasaresultoftheseinquiries;however,thenewrulescametoolatetoprotectthepeoplewhodiedorwhobecameseriouslyill.Todaymanygovernmentshavespecialdepartmentswhichprotectcustomersandworkers.IntheUS,forexample,thereisadepartmentwhichtestsnewplanesandgiveswarningsaboutpossibleproblem.Italsomakestherulesthatplaneproducersmustfollow.Anotherdepartmentcontrolsthefoodsthatcompaniessell.Athirddepartmentlooksattheplaceswherepeoplework,andthenreportsanycompaniesthatarebreakinglawswhichprotectthehealthandsafetyorworkers.Ofcourse,newgovernmentdepartmentsandnewlawscannotpreventeverydisasterorillness,buttheyarehavingsomegoodresults.Ourworkplacesaresaferandcleanerthanbefore.Theplanesandcarswhichweusefortravelarebetter.Producersarethinkingmoreaboutthesafetyandhealthofthepeoplewhobuyandusetheirproducts.5．Icanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatinthepast.A．companieswerefreetoputoutanyproductstheywantedtoB．workersoftengotillbecauseofthepoorworkingconditionsC．manypeoplewerekilledbythedangerousproductsD．industrieswerenotascarefulinmanagementastheyaretoday6．Itsuggestsinthepassagethat.A．governmentsandcompanieshaddifferentthoughtsaboutthesafetyofproductsB．governmentspaidlittleattentiontothesafetyofproductsC．governmentofficialsoftendidnotlistentoscientistsD．inthepastnosafetylawswereintroducedbygovernments7．Someyearsagosafetyrules.A．cameintobeingasaresultoftheworkers’demandB．wereeffectiveenoughtoprotectworkersandcustomersC．wereputforwardbecauseofscientists’adviceD．wereintroducedbecausequiteanumberofpeoplewerekilled8．Thespecialdepartmentsprotectcustomersandworkersinmanywaysexceptby.A．designingnewproductsB．controllingthesaleofproductsC．askingquestionsD．testingnewproductsCE-mailsystemsatthousandsofcompaniesandgovernmentofficesaroundtheworldwereattackedbyavirus(病毒)called“Melissa”thatdisguisesitselfasan“importantmessage”fromafriend.Eventhoughtherewasaweekendwarning,morethan50,000companiesatabout100placesaroundtheworldhavebeenattackedbythevirus,computerexpertssaidonMonday.ThevirusbegantoshowuplastFridayandspreadrapidlythenextfirstworkdaybymakingcomputerssendoffdozensofe-mailscontainingthevirus.Althoughthevirushasnolonglastingdamagetoacomputer,itseffectswerefar-reaching.MichaelVatis,aseniorUSofficialsaidmilitary(军事的)andgovernm