搜索
非谓语动词的用法比较1、动词不定式与动词-ing（动名词）作主语时的比较：不定式作主语通常表示“具体动作”或“某个特定的情况”。动名词作主语通常表示“抽象动作或泛指一般情况”。如：It’snotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.（特指）Smokingisabadhabit,whichyoushouldgetridof.（泛指）2、动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词、现在分词）与过去分词作表语时的比较：（1）动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词）作表语时，前者表示某一具体动作，特别是将来的动作，而后者表示比较抽象的一般行为。如：Ourjobtodayistosweepthefloor.Theantqueen’jobislayingeggs.(2)现在分词、过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特点和状态。如：ThenewsIheardjustnowisveryastonishing.Thecarisbrokenandwehavetohaveitrepaired.3、动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词、现在分词）与过去分词作定语时的比较：（1）动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词）作定语时，前者放在被修饰名词的后面，后者则放在被修饰名词的前面，说明其所修饰名词的用途。A.Shewasthefirstwomantoclimbthehighestmountainintheworld.(修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。)B.ShehasnoabilitytoreadandwriteChinese.(抽象名词常见的有：ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。)C.Iborrowedsomebooksintendedforchildrentoreadduringmyholiday.(表将来)D.asittingroom=aroomforsitting（2）现在分词和过去分词作定语，单个的常放在被修饰名词的前面，说明其所修饰的名词的性质或特征；如是短语，常放在被修饰的名词后面，前者相当于一个定语从句，表示“说话时正在进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性”的动作；而后者也相当于一个定语从句，分词所表示的动作一般“先于谓语动词所表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性的动作”。A.Tomisgoingtoattendtheweddingpartyintwodays.B.Thegirldancinghappilyisafriendofmine.=Thegirlwhoisdancinghappilyisafriendofmine.C.Therearemorepollutedriversandlakesnowthaninthepast.D.Thegunsstolenfromthepolicestationwerefoundinadesertedhouse.=Thegunswhichhadbeenstolenfromthepolicestationwerefoundinadesertedhouse.4、动词不定式、动词-ing（现在分词）与过去分词作状语的比较：（1）动词不定式作状语，用来修饰动词或形容词，一般作目的、结果或原因状语，多置于句末。A.TheywenttoChinatovisittheirrelativesandfriends.(表示目的)B.Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.(表示结果)C.Ｈewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.(表示程度)D.I’mverysorrytohavetroubledyousomuch.(表示原因)E.Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.(表示条件)（2）动词-ing（现在分词）与过去分词作状语，用来修饰名词，一般作时间、原因、让步、方式状语，置于句首；还可作伴随，置于句末。A.Beingahard-workingstudent,hesucceededinthemathsexam.=Ashewasahard-workingstudent,hesucceededin…...B.Workinginthecity,Tomhadawonderfultime.=Whenheworkedinthecity,Tomhadawonderfultime.C.Ilethimin,sayingthatIwashisuncle.D.Markfinishedhishomework,takingalongtimeoverit.5、过去分词与现在分词被动完成式的比较：（1）在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语时，用过去分词，而不用现在分词完成式。如：Welivedinthehousebuiltin1989.(定语)Thecup,whichIborrowedfrommyfriend,isbroken.（表语）Ifoundthemanshotdeathbehindthetree.（宾语补足语）（2）在句中作状语时，一般情况下可互换。但不强调时间先后，只强调动作的被动时，用过去分词，不用现在分词的被动完成式。如：Caught(Havingbeencaught)intherain,hewasallwet.Havingbeenshowninthelabs,wewenthomehurriedly.(强调完成)Theboyreturnedhome,followedbyhisparents.（强调被跟着）单项选择题1.Thedoorofthesupermarketremained___________,thoughit’snearlyteno’clock.Itseemedverystrange.A.lockingB.lockedC.havinglockedD.beinglocked2.Iinsistedthatthethief__________tobeputintoprison.However,thelawyerdidn’tagree.A.referredB.referringC.havingreferredD.refer3.Tomtoldaliewhen_________somequestionsbytheteacher.A.askingB.askC.toaskD.asked4.Therulesthatpunishthestudentsfortheirbadactionsandhabitsgetthestudents_________.A.toworryB.worryingC.worriedD.worry5.________bythebeautifulsceneryofThreeGorges,theseAustraliansdecidedtospendanotherweekinYichang.A.TobeattractedB.AttractedC.AttractingD.Beingattracted6.Unless________,myfatherwon’tgototheirweddingparty,whichisthoughttobeheldtomorrowevening.A.inviteB.invitingC.toinviteD.invited7.Whenhecamebackfromwork,hefoundhishouse_________into.Withouthesitating,hecalledthepolice.A.brokeB.brokenC.tobreakD.havingbroken8.__________byhisfriendsandparents,hehadtogiveupdrinkingandsmoking.A.CriticizingB.HavingCriticizedC.HavingbeencriticizedD.Beingcriticized9.The_______teacherdevotedhimselftotheParty’seducation,makinghimselfagoodexampleforus.A.retiringB.toretireC.retiredD.beingretired10.Theyturnedroundandstoodinthemiddleoftheroom,completely_________.A.astonishedB.astonishingC.toastonishD.havingastonished11.Therewasagunandathinpieceofropewiththeend_________inacircle.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tiedD.tying12.Thecolleaguesdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee________thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.tocarryoutD.carriedout13.Theresearch,referredtobytheprofessor,issodesignedthatonce_________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begunB.havingbegunC.beginsD.tobegin14.Thereseemedtobenothing______todobut______forthedoctor.A.left,tosendB.leaving,sendC.leave,sendD.left,send15.Youbrotherseems_________everything.Therefore,you’dbetterlethim______allthetruth.A.tobetold,knowingB.totell,toknowC.tohavebeentold,knowD.tobetelling,known16.Charlieissaid________abroadlastyear,_______hiswifealoneathome.A.tohavestudied,leaveB.tostudy,leavingC.tohavestudied,leavingD.tostudy,leave17.Mary,______ofthe______speech,begantotalktoherclassmatenexttoher.A.tiring,boredB.tired,boredC.tiring,boringD.tired,boring18.Mark,agoodfriendofmine,hadtoshout________himself_______abovethesoundofthemusic.A.making,hearB.tomake,hearC.making,heardD.tomake,heard19.Iheardthedoorbellringwhile________alettertomyparentsintheroom.A.towriteB.writingC.writtenD.havingwritten20.IsentKateane-mail,________togetfurtherinformationabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.A.hopedB.hopingC.hopeD.tohope21.Asaresult,thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_________.Thethiefwasnowputintoprison.A.thethiefbeingcaughtB.thethiefhavingcaughtC.thethieftobecaughtD.catchthethief2