高三英语总复习语法指导

高三英语总复习语法指导重点难点回顾Astomach－stomachsradio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianosbamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoosaGerman－threeGermans,anAmerican－twoAmericansmanservant－menservants;womandoctor－womendoctors;mancook-mencooks;womansinger-womensingerspapers报纸,文件manners礼貌goods货物works工厂,著作looks外表glasses眼镜greens青菜hairs几根头发times时代sands沙滩,沙地irons脚镣手铐drinks饮料forces军队spirits酒精,情绪keep(break)one'sword守(失)信leaveword留言amanofhisword有信用的人inawordwordfor(by)word逐字地uponmyword说实在话eatonewords收回前言,认错inotherwords换句话说thelastwords临终的话wasteone'swords白费口舌havewordswith与某人吵嘴haveafewwords(aword)with与某人说几句话afriendofmyfather's;afewfriendsofLiming's;thatbookofLiming's;twofriendsofmybrother'sB1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。例如:Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives．单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people,police,cattle,militia(民兵)等。2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:Thenewswasveryexciting．形复意单的单词有news,works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,physics,politics,economics,mathematics等。某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle,militia等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。例如:Thepolicearesearchingforhim.Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise．Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture．Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式,如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:Apairofshoeswasonthedesk．thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数。allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy．Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor．Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited．Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented．A(great)numberof,many,afew修饰可数复数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数;alittle,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如果主语由“the＋形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited．Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented．关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere．Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun．19)疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。例如:Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.Whichis(are)yourbook(s)?Whatproduce(s)heat?twoscoreofpeople中应加“of”，但threescoreandtenpeople“七十人”中不加of。scoresofpeople指“许多人”C表示“在几十年代”用in＋the＋“逢十的数词复数”。例如：inthe1990s或90's或nineties．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。1/2one(a)half1/4one(a)quarterD系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remainE限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料Thosethreebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodtable某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake,alive等只能作表语,不能作定语。某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。例如：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly,timely等。plentyof，alotof一般不用于疑问句和否定句中，通常用many或much代替。1)close接近地closely仔细地，密切地2)free免费地freely自由地,无拘束地3)hard努力地hardly几乎不4)late晚，迟lately近来5)most极,非常mostly主要地6)wide广阔地，充分地widely广泛地7)high高highly高度地，非常地8)deep深，迟deeply抽象意义的“深”9)loud大声地loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near邻近nearly几乎goodwell/betterbestbad/ill,badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldelder/oldereldest/oldest比较级的用法①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。例如：Thispenisbetterthanthatone．②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。例如：Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone．③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，alot，abit，alittle，still，much，far,yet,byfar等修饰。例如：Heworksevenharderthanbefore．注意:英语的比较级前如无even,still,或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如:Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday.她比昨天好些了。Pleasecomeearliertomorrow.请明天早点来。注意:byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语+谓语),the＋比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构。例如：Theharderheworks，thehappierhefeels．⑤不与其它事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。例如：Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder．Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful．⑥某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等。例如：HeissuperiortoMrWanginmathematics．⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthatonthedesk．Aboxmadeofironisstrongerthanonemadeofwood．⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:A)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,width,etc)ofB.例如:Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍［高三倍］)。B)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,wide,etc.)asB.例如:AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍。)C)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,wider,etc.)thanB.例如