高利益低成本电压分配系统规划与分布世(IJMECS-V5-N9-7)

I.J.ModernEducationandComputerScience,2013,9,45-52PublishedOnlineOctober2013inMECS()DOI:10.5815/ijmecs.2013.09.07Copyright©2013MECSI.J.ModernEducationandComputerScience,2013,9,45-52DistributionSystemPlanningWithDistributedGenerationsConsideringBenefitsandCostsSaeidSoudiDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,KishInternationalBranch,IslamicAzadUniversity,KishIsland,IranEmail:[e-mail]—Oneofthemethodsusedinthedesignandutilizationofdistributionsystemstoimprovepowerqualityandreliabilityofloadpowersupplyofconsumers,istheapplicationofdistributedgeneration(DG)sources.Inthispaper,anewmethodisproposedforthedesignandutilizationofdistributionnetworkswithDGresourcesapplicationbyfindingtheoptimalsittingandsizingofgeneratedpowerofDGwiththeaimofmaximizationofitsbenefitstocosts.ThebenefitsforDGareconsideredassystemlossesreduction,systemreliabilityimprovementandbenefitsfromthesaleelectricityorfromlackofpurchaseofelectricityfromthemainsystem.ThecostsofDGareconsideredasinitialcapital,maintenanceandoperationcostandinvestmentcost.InthispapertosolvetheoptimalsittingandsizingproblemaModifiedparticleswarmoptimization(PSO)isapplied.Simulationsarepresentedona69-bustestdistributionsystemtoverifytheeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.Resultsshowedthattheproposedhigh-powermethodtofindtheoptimalpointsofproblemisfasterandapplicationofDGresourcesreducedthelosses,costsandimprovedthesystemvoltageprofile.IndexTerms—DistributedGeneration,DistributionSystems,ParticleSwarmOptimization,Reliability.I.INTRODUCTIONIncreasingelectricityconsumption,economicandtechnicalconstraintsintheconstructionoflargepowerplants,issuesofenvironmentalpollution,energyandfinancialcrises,creatingacompetitiveenvironmentintheproductionandsalespowerand...hasincreasedmovingtowardstheproductionofasmallamountofpowerdistributedinthenetwork.Thistypeofresourcesarecalleddistributedgeneration(DG).ThegenerationrateofDGislow(10MW)andcanbeinstalledclosetofinalconsumersindistributionnetwork[1].TypesofDGaremicro-gasturbines,solarcells,fuelcells,windturbines,geothermalpowerandbiomass.UsuallythefuelofthesetypesofDGisgreenortheircontaminationisverylow.Inadditionduetogeneratingpowerneartheloadcenters,thelossesindistributionnetworkscanbedecreased.Duetodisconnectionofalineinradialdistributionsystem,alotofloadswillbefacedwithoutage.ThereforeapplicationofDGincreasesreliabilityofdistributionsystemandalsoimprovesthevoltageprofile.HowevertheadvantagesofDGapplicationaredependentonthesittingofDGindistributionsystem.BecausethewrongsittingofDGresourcesindistributionsystemmayincreaselossesandthevoltageinsomebuses[2].So,optimalsittingandsizingofDGisanimportantproblemindistributionsystemplanning.TheoptimalsittingandsizingofDGisimplementedindistributionsystemplanningwithdifferentobjectivefunctions.ThelossofdistributionsystemisanimportantobjectivefunctionthatisusedtofindtheoptimalsittingandsizingofDG[3].ThevoltageprofileimprovementisanotherobjectivefunctionthatisperformedinallocationofDG[4].Alsoreliabilityisappliedasobjectivefunctionin[5].TofindtheoptimalsittingandsizingofDG,variousobjectivefunctionsareusedandexplainedin[6,7].Inthispaper,objectivefunctionisconsideredthemaximizingtheratioofbenefitstocostsofDGapplication.TheadvantagesoftheDGareconsistoflossesreduction,benefitfromlackofpurchaseofpowerfrommaingridandreductionincostofenergynotsupplied.ThecostsassociatedwithinstallingofDGareconsistingofinitialcapitalcost,maintenanceandoperationcostandinvestmentcost.Theloadmodelisconsideredasafixedload[8].Thestudyperiodofthedistributionsystemplanningis5-yearthattheinterestandinflationratesareconsideredintheeconomiccalculations.Inthispaperamodifiedparticleswarmoptimization(PSO)algorithmisappliedtosolvetheoptimalsittingandsizingproblem.Inthisstudy,reductioninsystemlosses,benefitsfromthesaleofelectricityandreliabilityimprovementareanalyzedsimultaneouslyina5-yearperiodthatafewstudieshaveexaminedthesefactorstogether.InthispapertheobjectivefunctionandconstraintsarepresentedinsectionII.InsectionIII,problemformulationispresented.ThePSOoptimizationmethodisappliedforoptimalsittingandsizingofDGinsectionIV.ThesimulationresultsanddiscussionarepresentedinsectionV.FinallytheresultsconcludedinsectionVI.II.OBJECTIVEFUNCTIONANDCONSTRAINTSToselecttheoptimallocationandsizeofDGgenerationwithacorrectchoiceoftheobjectivefunction,theoptimizationproblemcanbesolved.46DistributionSystemPlanningWithDistributedGenerationsConsideringBenefitsandCostsCopyright©2013MECSI.J.ModernEducationandComputerScience,2013,9,45-52A.ObjectiveFunctionTheobjectivefunctionofoptimizationproblemtosolvetheoptimalsittingandsizingofDGisconsideredmaximizingtheratioofbenefitsfromDGapplicationtoitscosts.IncreasingthenumberofDGcausesincreaseinbenefit,butconsideringtheinitialcapital,maintenanceandoperationandinvestmentcostsofDGsareconsiderablecostandthereforeincreasingthenumberofDGandtheirgenerationlevelwillincreasecosts.SotheoptimizationproblemwiththeaimofmaximizingtheratioofDGbenefitstocostsispresented.Theobjectivefunctioncanb