无线传感器网络中基于不同层次异构模型的分布式协议性能评估(IJCNIS-V7-N1-6)

I.J.ComputerNetworkandInformationSecurity,2015,1,38-45PublishedOnlineDecember2014inMECS()DOI:10.5815/ijcnis.2015.01.06Copyright©2015MECSI.J.ComputerNetworkandInformationSecurity,2015,1,38-45PerformanceEvaluationofDistributedProtocolsUsingDifferentLevelsofHeterogeneityModelsinWirelessSensorNetworksSamayveerSingh,SatishChand,andBijendraKumarDepartmentofComputerEngineeringNetajiSubhasInstituteofTechnology,NewDelhi,[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail]—Mostoftheprotocolsforenhancingthelifetimeofwirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)areofahomogeneousnatureinwhichallsensorshaveequalamountofenergylevel.Inthispaper,westudytheeffectofheterogeneityonthehomogeneousprotocols.TheALBPSandADEEPSarethetwoimportanthomogeneousprotocols.Weincorporateheterogeneitytotheseprotocols,whichconsistsof2-level,3-levelandmulti-levelheterogeneity.WesimulateandcomparetheperformanceoftheALBPSandADEEPSprotocolsinhomogeneousandheterogeneousenvironment.Thesimulationresultsindicatethatheterogeneousprotocolsprolongthenetworklifetimeascomparedtothehomogeneousprotocols.Furthermore,asthelevelofheterogeneityincreases,thelifetimeofthenetworkalsoincreases.IndexTerms—Wirelesssensornetworks,heterogeneity,sensornodes,sensingrange,targets.I.INTRODUCTIONAwirelesssensornetwork(WSN)consistsoflow-sizeandlow-complexdevices,whicharecalledassensornodes.Asensorcansensetheenvironmenttogatherinformationfromthemonitoringfieldandcommunicatethroughwirelesslinks.Thedatacollectedbyasensorisforwardedviamultiplehopstoaparticularnode,calledasasink.Thesinkcanutilizethereceiveddataoritcanforwardtoothernetworksconnectedthroughinternet.Asensornodecanbeinoneofthestates:stationaryormoving.Itmayormaynothaveinformationaboutitslocation.Thenetworkcanbehomogeneousorheterogeneous.Inahomogeneousnetwork,allsensornodeshavethesameamountofenergy.Anon-homogeneousnetworkiscalledheterogeneousnetwork.AWSNcanbeusedinseveralapplicationssuchasnationalsecurity,military,healthcare,environmentalmonitoring,temperature,humidity,vehicularmovement,pressure,soilmakeup,noiselevels,presenceorabsenceofcertaintypesofobjects[3].Sensornetworkapplicationscanbedividedintotwogroups:queryingapplicationsandtaskingapplications.Inqueryingapplications,theinformationcollectedbysensorsisprocessedbasedonthequerythattriggersthedatacollectionaction;forexample,collectingthedataaboutaneventinthemonitoringenvironment.Intaskingapplications,thedatacollectionistriggeredbyaneventthatistobeobservedbythenetwork.Aneventtriggeringforcesthesensornodetoperformsomeaction.Thedataaggregationisdoneinordertoavoidduplicationofdataastheadjacentnodesmaysendsomeidenticaldatatosink.Sensorscanalsobecoordinatedtogetabetterideaabouttheevent;forexample,somesensorscanbemovedclosertotheevent.Oneofthemostimportantfeaturesofasensornetworkisitsnetworklifetime.Forenhancingthenetworklifetime,therehavebeendiscussedsomeprotocolsthatincludeALBPSandADEEPS.Theseprotocolsassumethenetworktobehomogenous.InALBPS,thenetworkiskeptaliveaslongaspossiblebymeansofload-balancing.InADEEPS,alowenergysensortriestominimizeitsenergyconsumptionratefortargetswhileallowinghigherenergyconsumptionforsensorswithhigherenergy.Thenetworklifetimecanbeincreasedbypowersavingtechniques.Thesetechniquesmaybeclassifiedintwocategories:schedulingthesensornodestoalternatebetweenactiveandsleepmode,andadjustingthesensingrangeinwirelesssensornodes.Placingfewheterogeneousnodesinthesensornetworkcanbringthefollowingthreemainbenefits[6]:prolongingnetworklifetime,improvingreliabilityofdatatransmissionanddecreasinglatencyofdatatransportation.Inthiswork,weconcentrateonmaximizingsensornetworklifetimebyusingALBPSandADEEPSalgorithmsincorporatedwithdifferentlevelofenergyheterogeneityinsensornodes.WemakecomparativeanalysisofhomogeneousandheterogeneousversionsofALBPSandADEEPSprotocols.Inthiswork,weuse2-level,3-levelandmulti-levelheterogeneity.TheheterogeneousversionsofALBPSandADEEPShavebetterperformancethantheirhomogeneousversions.Moreover,asthelevelofheterogeneityincreases,thelifetimeofthenetworkalsoincreases.Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.SectionIIdiscussestheliteraturesurvey.TheproposedworkisdiscussedinSectionIIIandthesimulationresultsarepresentedinsectionIV.FinallythepaperisconcludedinSectionV.PerformanceEvaluationofDistributedProtocolsUsingDifferentLevelsofHeterogeneityModelsin39WirelessSensorNetworksCopyright©2015MECSI.J.ComputerNetworkandInformationSecurity,2015,1,38-45II.LITERATURESURVEYInthissection,wereviewtherelatedexistingworksonimprovingthelifetimeofwirelesssensornetworks.WeconsiderthreeaspectsinreferencetoimprovingthelifetimeofWSNsthatincludeschedulingalgorithms,adjustingsensingrangeandheterogeneityofsensors.In[1],Bermanetal.discusscentralizedanddistributedalgorithmsforincreasingthelifetimeofsensornetworks.ThesealgorithmssolvetheareacoverageproblemandSNLP(SensorNetworkLifetimeProblem).Theyuseschedulingapproachofsensornodesandamethodforsolvingthefixedrangemaximumlifetimeproblem.Inthismethod,thesensingrangecannotbechangedanditismean