ElectricMachinerySixthEditionA.E.FitzgeraldLateVicePresidentforAcademicAffairsandDeanoftheFacultyNortheasternUniversityCharlesKingsley,Jr.LateAssociateProfessorofElectricalEngineering,EmeritusMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyStephenD.UmansPrincipalResearchEngineerDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceLaboratoryforElectromagneticandElectronicSystemsMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology~l~C3rawlillBostonBurrRidge,ILDubuque,IAMadison,WlNewYorkSanFranciscoSt.LouisBangkokBogotaCaracasKualaLumpurLisbonLondonMadridMexicoCityMilanMontrealNewDelhiSantiagoSeoulSingaporeSydneyTaipeiTorontoMcGraw-HillHigherEducationADivisionofTheMcGraw-HillCompaniesELECTRICMACHINERY,SIXTHEDITIONPublishedbyMcGraw-Hill,abusinessunitofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,1221AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10020.Copyright(~)2003,1990,1983,1971,1961,1952byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Copyrightrenewed1980byRosemaryFitzgeraldandCharlesKingsley,Jr.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,including,butnotlimitedto,inanynetworkorotherelectronicstorageortransmission,orbroadcastfordistancelearning.Someancillaries,includingelectronicandprintcomponents,maynotbeavailabletocustomersoutsidetheUnitedStates.Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.InternationalDomestic1234567890DOC/DOC0987654321234567890DOC/DOC098765432ISBN0-07-366009-4ISBN0-07-112193-5(ISE)Publisher:ElizabethA.JonesDevelopmentaleditor:MichelleL.FlomenhofiExecutivemarketingmanager:JohnWannemacherProjectmanager:RoseKoosProductionsupervisor:SherryL.KaneMediaprojectmanager:JodiK.BanowetzSeniormediatechnologyproducer:PhillipMeekCoordinatoroffreelancedesign:RickD.NoelCoverdesigner:RickD.NoelCoverimagecourtesyof:RockwellAutomation~RelianceElectricLeadphotoresearchcoordinator:CarrieK.BurgerCompositor:InteractiveCompositionCorporationTypeface:10/12TimesRomanPrinter:R.R.Donnelley&SonsCompany/Crawfordsville,INLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataFitzgerald,A.E.(ArthurEugene),1909-Electricmachinery/A.E.Fitzgerald,CharlesKingsley,Jr.,StephenD.Umans.--6thed.p.cm.--(McGraw-Hillseriesinelectricalengineering.Powerandenergy)Includesindex.ISBN0-07-366009-4--ISBN0-07-112193-51.Electricmachinery.I.Kingsley,Charles,1904-.II.Umans,StephenD.III.Title.IV.Series.TK2181.F52003621.31f042---dc212002070988CIPINTERNATIONALEDITIONISBN0-07-112193-5Copyright~2003.ExclusiverightsbyTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,formanufactureandexport.Thisbookcannotbere-exportedfromthecountrytowhichitissoldbyMcGraw-Hill.TheInternationalEditionisnotavailableinNorthAmerica.