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JOURNALOFMECHANICALENGINEERING47620113Vol.47No.6Mar.2011DOI10.3901/JME.2011.06.113*(100070)(Plug-inhybridelectricvehicle,PHEV)PHEVPHEV50%57%U469.79Plug-inHybridElectricVehicleEnergyManagementStrategyZHANGBoZHENGHeyueWANGCheng(BeijingOperationofChinaAutomotiveTechnology&ResearchCenter,Beijing100070)AbstractWiththedesignideasofofflineglobaloptimizationonlineapplicationtestverification,asetofenergymanagementstrategy(EMS)foraparallelplug-inhybridelectricvehicle(PHEV)isstudiedbyusingthemethodsofsystemsimulationmodeling,dynamicprogrammingandcomputation,geneticalgorithmoptimization.Throughdynamicprogrammingglobaloptimization,anoptimalcontrolisobtainedandusedasamacro-guidancefordevelopingtheonlineEMSoranevaluationcriteriafordifferentcontrolstrategies.ByusingonlineEMSdesignmethod,astrategynotonlybeingconsistentwiththePHEVcharacteristicsbutalsomeetthevehiclereal-timecontrolrequirementisdeveloped.Thetestresultsshowthatthroughtheobtainedthree-levelEMS,thePHEVcanfullyutilizetheenergychargedfromthepowergridaccordingtodifferentmileage.Andthevehicleeconomicperformanceisimprovedby50%57%,asthepowertrainenergyflowisreasonablydistributed.KeywordsPlug-inhybridelectricvehicleEnergymanagementstrategyOptimizationControlstrategy0(Plug-inhybridelectricvehiclePHEV)[1-4](Energymanagementstrategy,EMS)PHEVPHEV[5-7]*(63,6)6AYMERICPSAT(PowertrainSystemAnalysisToolkit)PHEVMICHAELTONYBellmanPHEVPlug-in(Dynamicprogramming,DP)(G,G)V8200AA11A112201000120101220eneticalgorithmAPHE476114PHEV1PHEV1Plug-in11PHEV1PHEVA/m22.05f0.29CD10.008CD2/(sm1)0.00012R/m0.273Rf4.05215Rg[3.583,1.947,1.343,0.976,0.804]V/L1.1Pemax/kW,ne/(rmin1)485700Temax/(Nm),ne/(rmin1)844000Pmmax/kW,nm/(rmin1)25,180010000Tmmax/(Nm),nm/(rmin1)128,01800LiIonCess/(Ah)22U/V3201.11whf()TTTTRR=++()em()()()vrrrRiRRiRRiR===(2)JptciTeTmTbTwhR(i)iRfdvrwemPHEVX(t)=[Sc(t),R(i(t))](3)Sc(t)tR(i(t))tPHEVR(i)[3.583,1.947,1.343,0.976,0.804](4)(5)(6)2OCVessessessessesscessddUIIRPCSIt=+=(4)2OCVessessOCVccessess4dd2UPRUSStRC==(5)cminccmaxSSS(6)PessIessCessRessUOCVScminScmaxU(t)=[Tm(t),i(t)](7)Tm(t)ti(t)tPHEVU*(t)X()X(f)ptcembdJi10t20113115JPHEVJf0((),(),)dtJLXtUttt==ffuelfuelgridgrid0()()dtCPtCPtt+(8)L(X(t),U(t),t)tCfuelPfuel(t)tCgridPgrid(t)t1.22050BELLMAN[7-9]Nt(1s)PHEV1((),(),)NkJLXkUkkt===fuelfuelgridgrid1()()NkCPkCPkt=+(9)X(k+1)=g(X(k),U(k))gcc1cessmm2(1)()((),(),(),())((1))(())SkSkgSkTkTkkRikgik+=++=(10)TessU*(t)(0ttf)U*(k)(k=1,2,,N)cminccmaxemineemaxemineemaxmminmmmaxmminmmmaxess_max_chgessess_max_dismax()()()()()()(){1,2,,}SSkSkTTkTkTTkTPPkPiki(11)eminemaxTeminTemaxmminmmaxTmminTmmaxPess_max_chgPess_max_disimax1.3DPNEDC(NewEuropeandrivingcycle)NEDCPHEV[10]NEDCESSPHEVSOC22DP(1)PHEV(55km)SOCESSPHEV3PHEV3476116PHEV355km55km2(2)55km(Stateofchange,SOC)SOC(NEDCSOC)4NEDC11(121km)PHEV()2(3)55km121kmPHEVPHEV4NEDC12152PHEVPHEV20113117PHEVPHEV2.1(5)5aPHEV5a()ABCPHEV5b5PHEVSOCSc_eng_below_on=0.3S___ff=352.2MapvPreq()TevPreqLevenberg-Marquardt6Map23e5412reqreq345reqreqreq47.82(3.15)0.26(8.13)(9.1310)(172.49)(2036.20)(14563.40)40663.30(36998.80)TvvvvPPPPP=+++++++++(12)(12)r=0.834r0.8()Map62.3PHEVPHEV5(AD)cengaboveo0.4761187()723.094L/100km3.315L/100km(2.859L/100km3.104L/100km)()PHEV3PHEVCANPHEV2Ton_a/(Nm)7363.7676.20von_b/(ms1)610.3314.02Ton_b/(Nm)1023.8237.62von_c/(ms1)1417.4422.96voff/(ms1)3.55.7729.404Toff/(Nm)7355.8965.302.8593.104FEeq/(L100km1)3.0943.3153.18PHEV8PHEV3.2PHEV9SOCMap20113119SOCSOC9PHEVPHEVPHEV3(L/100km)3PHEVFeq/(L100km1)1.885.083.381.885.603.711.885.973.95PHEVPHEVPHEV4(1)Plug-inPHEV(2)PHEV50%57%[1]STEPHANCH,SULLIVANJ.Environmentalandenergyimplicationsofplug-inhybridelectricvehicles[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,2008,421185-1190.[2]SAMARASC,MEISTERLINGK.Lifecycleassessmentofgreenhousegasemissionsfromplug-inhybridvehicles:implicationsforpolicy[J].Environ.Sci.Technol,2008,423170-3176.[3],,,.[J].,2006,42(11)10-16.YUXiumin,CAOShan,LIJun,etal.Presentstudysituationanddevelopmenttrendofcontrolstrategiesforhybridelectricvehicle[J].ChineseJournalofMechanicalEngineering,2006,42(11)10-16.[],,[],,5()7.94.J.20094247612018-24.WANGCheng,GUOShuying,LIULing.Developmentandapplicationofserialhybridelectricpowertrainsysteminthebus[J].JournalofMechanicalEngineering,2009,45(2)18-24.[5]ROUSSEAUA,PAGERITS.Plug-inhybridelectricvehiclecontrolstrategyparameteroptimization[C]//NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.The23rdInternationalBattery,HybridandFuelCellElectricVehicleSymposiumandExhibition(EVS-23).AnaheimNREL,20071-14.[6]MARKELT,SIMPSONA.Plug-inhybridelectricvehicleenergystoragesystemdesign[C]//NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.AdvancedAutomotiveBatteryConference.BaltimoreNREL/CP-540-39614,20061-11.[7]OKEEFEMP,MARKELT.Dynamicprogrammingappliedtoinvestigateenergymanagementstrategiesforaplug-inHEV[C]//NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.The22ndInternationalBattery,HybridandFuelCellElectricVehicleSymposiumandExhibition(EVS-22).YokohamaNREL/CP-540-40376,20061-14.[8]BELLMANRE.Dynamicprogramming[M].Princeton,USAPrincetonUniversityPress,1957.[9]PAGERITS,ROUSSEAUA,SHARERP.GlobaloptimizationtorealtimecontrolofHEVpowerflow