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TheLastLeafMaterialCollector:ZhangXiaoyuPPTMaker:YuYingReporter:LiYanfangO.Henry:pseudonymofWilliamSydneyPorter（威廉·西德尼·波特）,Americanwriterofshortstories,bestknownforhisironicplottwistsandsurpriseendings.Hisstyleofstorytellinglaterbecameamodelnotonlyforshortfiction,butalsoforAmericanmotionpicturesandtelevisionprograms.TheAuthorO.Henry(1862–1910)•HewasbornSeptember11,1862inNorthCarolina,wherehespenthischildhood.•Anacclaimedmasterofshortstoriesandtales.•Startingin1895hewroteacolumnfortheHoustonDailyPost（休斯敦邮报).•Inearly1898Porterwasfoundguiltyofembezzlement（挪用）chargesandsentencedtofiveyearsinanOhio（俄亥俄州）prison.•Threeyearsandaboutadozenshortstorieslater,heemergedfromprisonasO.Henrytohelpshieldhistrueidentity.3•O.Henrywrotewithrealisticdetailbasedonhisfirst-handexperiencesbothinTexasandinNewYorkCity.•In1907,hepublishedmanyofhisTexasstoriesinTheHeartoftheWest.•HemovedtoNewYorkCity,whereoverthenexttenyearsbeforehisdeathin1910,hepublishedover300storiesandgainedworldwideacclaimasAmerica'sfavoriteshortstorywriter.•PorterdiedonJune5,1910inNewYorkCityattheageoffortyseven.Analcoholic,hediedvirtuallypenniless.4HismainworksTheFourMillion《四百万》TheLastLeaf《最后一片叶子》TheCopandtheAnthem《警察与赞美诗》TheFurnishedRoom《带家具出租的房间》TheGiftoftheMagi《麦琪的礼物》•JohnsyandSueareartistswhomoveintoGreenwichVillageinNewYorkCity.AsWinterapproachesandtheweathergetscolder,Johnsybecomesillwithpneumonia(肺炎）.Shegetssosickthatshebelievesthatwhenthelastleaffallsfromthevineoutsideherwindow,shewilldie.Anoldartist,namedBehrman,wholivesinthesamebuildingasthegirls,bravesastormonenighttopaintaleafonthewall—aleafthatwillneverfall.Coldandwetfrompaintingintheicyrain,hecatchespneumoniaanddies.ThisgivesJohnsythehopetosurviveherillness,anditalsocreatesthemasterpieceBehrmanhadalwaysdreamedofpainting.Abriefintroductiontotheplot1.趣味相投的两个年轻画家Sue和Johnsy成了好朋友，拥有一间共同画室。2.Johnsy得了肺炎，很虚弱，只能隔着小窗看着窗外那棵几乎光秃秃的常青藤，并在不停数着树上的叶子。3.Johnsy情绪很低落，跟Sue说，树上最后一片树叶落下的日子就是她离去的日子，Sue很担心她。4.Sue把Johnsy的想法告诉了也很关心她的老画家Behrman。5.一夜疾风暴雨后，Johnsy看到树上仍留有一片树叶，重新鼓起了活下去的勇气。6.原来Behrman冒着风雨在墙上画了一片树叶,因感风寒，他得了肺炎死了。老画家所画的最后一片叶子，成了他的毕生杰作。TheSurpriseEndingO.Henry'strademarkwasthesurpriseendingthateachofhisstoriescontained.Hewouldsetastorymovinginonedirection,andjustwhenthereaderwasconvincedofthegeneraldirectionofthenarrative,thestorywouldbecompletelyreversed.•AlthoughO.Henrycertainlydidnotinventtheshortstory,hemasteredthisformandperfectedthetechniqueofthesurpriseending.O.Henrybecameamasteratdoingthisbylayingtheconstructionfortheseendingsinthestoryitself.Hegiveshintstohisreadersoftheendingstocomebybrieflyincludingdetailsthatseemunimportantatfirstmemories.Butbecomeimmenselyimportantwhenthesurpriseendingis“revealed”.AnexampleofthisisinthestorythelastLeaf，wherereaderseescluesofwhattheoldartistlivingdowntownshasdonetosavethelifeofthegirlupstairs.•尽管短篇小说这种文学形式并非欧·亨利首创，但他堪称这种文体的大师级人物，而且还将出人意料的这种结局技巧发扬至完美。在故事展开的过程中，他就开始为结局埋下伏笔，手法非常熟稔巧妙，通过那些初看似乎无关紧要的细节，设置，他不断给读者以小小的暗示，然而，直到故事真相大白的那一刻，读者才会意识到当初那些细枝末节是多么重要。最后一片叶子就是一个典型例子。在这篇小说里，读者其实可以发现很多蛛丝马迹，揭示楼下的那位老画家是如何挽救那位姑娘的生命的。•Weknowtheoldmanhasbeenwaitinghiswholelifetopainthismasterpiece.Notuntiltheveryendingdowerealizethattheoldartisthasindeedfulfilledhisdreamwhileatthesametime,fatallyinjuringhimselfinaselflessactofkindness.O.Herryisamasteratleadingthereaderdownonepathofexpectation,andthenshatteringtheseexpectationsatthesurprisingconclusionofthestory.However,justasin“thelastleaf”,theseendingsarerarelyrandomactsofcruelfate.Instead,theyarecarefullyconstructedbythemasterfulauthortoshowthereaderthehumanityofourfrailandsometimesfoolish,butalsogenerousandkindnature.•我们都知道，那位老人终生都在等待创出一部经典画作，可我们觉得是白日做梦。直到小说结尾，我们才意识到，他确确实实实现了梦想，同时却因为自己善良无私的行为身染重病致死。在小说中，欧·亨利非常善于引导读者满怀期望地开始阅读，却在故事结尾用出人意料的结局打碎这一切期望。然而，正如在最后一片叶子里一样，这些结尾大多并非命运残酷无常造成的，而是这位大师级的作者精心构造出来的，旨在向读者揭示我们那脆弱、有时愚蠢却亦慷慨而善良的本性。SummaryThelastleafsymbolizesthespiritoflove,careandself-sacrificeandreflectsthegloryofhumanityandmiracleoflife-saving.最后一片叶子是同情心和自我牺牲精神的象征，它闪耀着人性的光辉，创造了挽救生命的奇迹。Belief,friendshiparestrongpillarofourlife.信念、友谊是生命得以延续的坚强支柱。•He,whohashealth,hashope.•Andhe,whohashope,•haseverything.•Arabproverb