系动词用法

定义•系动词，亦称连系动词（LinkVerb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。•分类:状态系动词;持续系动词;表像系动词•感官系动词;变化系动词;终止系动词状态系动词be•用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词•Heisateacher.•Heisill.(表示主语的状态)•连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：•Mydreamistobeascientist.•Allyouhavetodoistolisten.表像系动词•用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：•Helookstired.•Heseems(tobe)verysad.•Sheappears18.Butinfact,sheisalready28.持续系动词•用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,continue.例如：•Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.•Thismatterremainsamystery.•Itcontinued/remainedrainyfordays.•Hestoodquitestill,excepthislipsmovedslightly.•Thesnowlaythickontheground.•注意：(1)表示“仍然处于原来的状态”时，remain和stay可以互换，例如：•Threeofthemremained/stayedsingle.•Shopsshouldremain/stayopentilllaterintheevening.•Thedoorstayed/remainedclosed.•Butthepolicethemselvesprefertostay/remainunarmed.•(2)表示“需要设法才能保持某种状态”时，可用keep和stay.后常接的形容词有calm,clean,awake,young,warm,fine等.例如：•Sheknewshemustkeep/staycalm.•Althoughtheyhavemanydifficulties,theykeephappy.•Paulmanagedtokeep/stayawakebydrinkinglotsofstrongblackcoffee.感官系动词•感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look.例如：•Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.•Thisflowersmellsverysweet.•Themusicsoundsnice.•Thefishtastesgood.变化系动词•这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.•go和come是一对相反的词.go+adj.表示令人不愉快的事;come+adj.表示好的事情,还可以接前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示变化的情况。•goblind/mad/hungry/bad…•cometrue/right/clear/dear/unstuck/untied…•Hisdreamtobeapilothascometrue.•Myshoelaceshavecomeundone.•Shewentblindattheageof8.•run后接short,dry,low,deep等形容词,主语为流动性的或能消耗掉的东西。•Theirmoneywasrunningshort.•Thewellhasrundry.•但表语为wild时,主语是人;runwild(放荡不羁）•Don’tletthechildrenrunwild.•grow常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。•Mylittlebrotherhasgrownmuchtallerinthepastyear.•Shegrewthinnerandthinner.•Soontheskygrewlight.•turn表示“变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色和天气等变化。•Theweathersuddenlyturnedmuchcolder.•Herfaceturnedbluewithfear.•Sheturnedteacheraftergraduation.•get“变成,变得…起来”,后可接形容词,分词,介词短语;接不定式时表示“由不…变得”.•Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.•Hegotexcitedaboutit.•Mywatchgetsoutoforder.•fall接asleep,silent,quiet等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词，但不能接形容词的比较级。•WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mylittlesisterfellasleep.•Shefellillfromcold.•Thenaughtyboyfellsilentsuddenly.•fallapart(散开)fallflat(没效果)•become“变成;变为”(好坏均可),语气正式,且不能用于将来时态,强调结果.表人的身体状况,情绪,天气和社会变化时可与get互换使用.•Hebecamealawyer.•Ibecame/gotinterestedinmath.•Hebecame/gotangrywithme.•Ihopeyouwillbecome/getwell.•注意：1.become,turn,go,get,fall后面能接名词作表语,其他则不能.turn和go后面的名词不带冠词。•Hisdreamhasbecome/gotareality.•Hehasturnedscientist.•Shehasgoneartist.•Hefellanvictimtocancer.•2.表变化的系动词用于进行时态时，表示逐渐的变化。•Thedaysaregetting/becominglongerandlonger.•Sheisgrowingtobemoreandmorelikehermother.终止系动词•表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如：•Therumorproved(tobe)false.•Thesearchproved(tobe)difficult.•Hisplanturnedout(tobe)asuccess.