有限理性条件下项目团队合作中多代理人行为演化

20120111系统管理学报JournalofSystems&ManagementVol.20No.1Jan.2011:10052542(2011)01011910韩姣杰,周国华,李延来,陆绍凯(,610031)项目团队成员的行为策略选择将会直接影响到团队合作效率,甚至影响项目的成败运用行为经济学的相关理论,以有限理性为假设前提,建立了基于异质群体的动态演化博弈模型,对项目团队合作中多代理人的行为进行了研究,分析了委托人的监督策略利润分享系数,以及代理人的贡献度团队合作度,其他代理人的行为对代理人行为选择策略的影响,为降低项目团队合作中的道德风险和提高团队整体绩效提供了策略建议通过案例研究对得出的结论进行了检验,结果表明,该结论在实际项目中对提高项目整体绩效水平有很好的指导作用:团队合作;有限理性;多代理人;行为演化:TP18:AResearchonMultiAgentEvolutionaryBehaviorwithBoundedRationalityinProjectTeamCooperationHANJiaojie,ZHOUGuohua,LIYanlai,LUShaokai(SchoolofEconomic&Management,SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,Chengdu610031,China)AbstractThebehaviorstrategiesthatprojectteammemberschosewilldirectlyhaveagreatimpactonthecooperationefficiencyofprojectteam,andwillfurtherinfluencethesuccessofproject.Byusingtherelativetheoryofbehavioraleconomics,thispaperbuiltanevolutionarygamemodelbasedonheterogeneousgroupundertheassumptionofboundedrationalityinordertoanalyzetheinfluencesofprincipalssupervisionstrategy,profitsharingcoefficient,agentscontribution,teamcooperationdegree,andthebehaviorchoicesoftheotheragentsonthebehaviorchoicesofangivenagent.Theresultsofthispaperhaveprovidedtheoreticalsupportsandstrategicsuggestionsonhowtoreducethemoralhazardswithrespecttothecooperationofprojectteam,aswellashowtoimprovetheteamperformance.Finally,acasestudywascarriedoutsoastotestprevioustheoreticalresults,anditfoundthatthetheoreticalresultsplayedaconductingroleinimprovingtheoverallprojectperformanceinactualprojects.Keywords:teamcooperation;boundedrationality;multiagent;behaviorevolutionary:20091126:20100202:(2008Z019A);(70902037,70971017):(1984),,Email:[e-mail],,[1],,[2],,,Holmstrom[3];Rasmusen[4];McAfee[5];Srabana[6];Singer[7],;Attar[8],;Kazerooni[9];[10];[11];[12];[13];[1415],;[16];[17];[18],,,[1920],,,,,[21],,,,11N,,2,12,,()(),,,22:(bH)(bL)1x(x1)bH,1-xbL;2bHy(y1),bL1-y3,,=f(b1,b2)+(1),,N(0,2)f(b1,b2),b1b212b1,b20,f(b1,b2)f(b1,0)+f(0,b2),f(0,0)=0,[22][2324](CES)f(b1,b2):f(b1,b2)=(k1b1-1+k2b1-2)1/(1-)(2),k1,k2,[0,1],k1+k2=1kii(i=12),ki()1/2,i()j(j=12,ji);k1=k2=1/2,12,=0,=1[23]4C1(b)C2(b)12,,,Ci(bH)Ci(bL),i=1,2,[25]Ci(b)=12cib2(3),ci,i=1,2,,5,p(0p1),,M(p),M(1)=,,,w,w6,iSi()(0Si()),[23]120系统管理学报20Si()=i+(-1-2)(4):i=1,2;i;:ni=1Si(),n22.1,p1,UL=S()-C(bL)-wp(5)UH=S()-C(bH)(6)11122bH(y)bL(1-y)1bH(x)S(HH)-C1(bH)S(HH)-C2(bH)S(HL)-C1(bH)S(HL)-C2(bL)-wpbL(1-x)S(LH)-C1(bL)-wpS(LH)-C2(bH)S(LL)-C1(bL)-wpS(LL)-C2(bL)-wp,:,,1bHe1B1{y,1-y}(7),e1=[1,0],11,B11:B1=S(HH)-C1(bH),S(HL)-C1(bH)S(LH)-C1(bL)-wp,S(LL)-C1(bL)-wp(8),e1B1{y,1-y}=y[S(HH)-C1(bH)]+(1-y)[S(HL)-C1(bH)](9)1{x,1-x}B1{y,1-y}={x,1-x}S(HH)-C1(bH),S(HL)-C1(bH)S(LH)-C1(bL)-wp,S(LL)-C1(bL)-wp{y,1-y}T(10)1F(x)=dxdt=x(1-x){1,-1}B1{y,1-y}T(11):F(x)=x(1-x){y[S(HH)-S(LH)]+(1-y)[S(HL)-S(LL)]-C1(bH)+C1(bL)+wp}(12),2F(y)=dydt=y(1-y){1,-1}B2{x,1-x}T(13):F(y)=y(1-y){x[S(HH)-S(LH)]+(1-x)[S(HL)-S(LL)]-C2(bH)+C2(bL)+wp}(14)2.21,dxdt=0,(12)x*1=0,x*2=1y*=S(HL)-S(LL)-C1(bH)+C1(bL)+wpS(LH)+S(HL)-S(HH)-S(LL)y=y*(0y*1),F(x)0,x*1=0x*2=1;yy*,x*1=0;yy*,x*2=10y1,y*1,yy*,x*1=0;,y*0,x*2=1(1)~(4)y*:y*=(f(bH,bL)-f(bL,bL))-12c1(b2H-b2L)+wp(f(bL,bH)+f(bH,bL)-f(bH,bH)-f(bL,bL))(15),bH=1,bL=0,k1+k2=1(15),y*=k1/(1-)1-12c1+wp[(1-k1)1/(1-)+k1/(1-)1-1](16),2,dydt=0,(14):y*1=0,y*2=1x*=(f(bL,bH)-f(bL,bL))-12c2(b2H-b2L)+wp(f(bL,bH)+f(bH,bL)-f(bH,bH)-f(bL,bL)):1211韩姣杰,等:有限理性条件下项目团队合作中多代理人行为演化x*=k1/(1-)2-12c2+wp[(1-k2)1/(1-)+k1/(1-)2-1](17)x=x*(0x*1),F(y)0,y*1=0y*2=1;xx*,y*1=0;xx*,y*2=1;x*1,y*1=0;x*0,y*2=133.11j,i(i(bj=1))ki(i=1,2)j,i(i(bj=0))ki,(i=1,2;j=1,2ij)b2=1,1bHbLb2=1=[1-(1-k1)1/(1-)]+C,C=c/2-wp,b2=0,1bHbLb2=0=k1/(1-)1+CC=0,1k112(2k2)1b2=1,1k112:0,1k1,,1,,,(2:k10.5),(10),(2:k10.6),2b2=0,1k11:,,,(),(0),,,(1),,,;,,;,k10.5,,,k,,,,,Li[23]2xypw,cy*wpc:y*w=p[(1-k1)1/(1-)+k1/(1-)1-1]0(18)y*p=w[(1-k1)1/(1-)+k1/(1-)1-1]0(19)y*c=-12[(1-k1)1/(1-)+k1/(1-)1-1]0(20)122系统管理学报20:x*w0,x*p0,x*c0,,y*x*yy*xx*,x=0y=03,S(y=0,x=0)=y*x*,y*x*,S;,S,y*x*,y*x*1)1)1y1,yy1y*,,2x=0,y*y,y1,2x=1,,y*,3y*x*2,,3,wpc/2,y*x*;,y*x*,y*:y*=wp-12c12[1-(1-k1)1/(1-)-k1/(1-)1](21):wp12c1,y*0;wp12c1,y*0,wp=12c1,y*=0:wp12c2,x*0;wp12c2,x*0,wp=12c2,x*=03:2,wpc/2,,,;wpc/2,,,3:1,:E(S(H))=xS(HH)+(1-x)S(HL)=1-(1+2)+[x+(1-x)k1/(1-)1](22)E(S(L))=xS(LH)+(1-x)S(LL)=1-(1+2)+xk1/(1-)2(23)(22)(23):E(S(H))E(S(L)),E(S(H))E(S(L)):E(S(H))=[x+(1-x)k1/(1-)1-1-2](24)E(S(L))=(xk1/(1-)2-1-2)(25)(24)(25),E(S(H))-E(S(L))=[k1/(1-)1+x(1-k1/(1-)1-k1/(1-)2)]0,x,E(S(H))E(S(L)),,E(S(H))wpc/2,E(S(L))-wpE(S(H))-c/2,xE(S(H)),,,,wpc/2,,wpc/2:-wp-c/2,E(S(L))-wpE(S(H))-c/2,,E=E(S(H))-E(S(L)),,xE(S(H)),,,,4,CS(HH-LH),b2=1,S1(HH-LH)=[1-(1-k1)1/(1-)],C1=c1/2-wp;C1S1(HH-LH),0y*1(A);,C21231韩姣杰,等:有限理性条件下项目团队合作中多代理人行为演化S2(HH-LH),0x*10y*1,0x*1,1244(0y*1,0x*1)4:,,;,,,,4,,,,,,(),,5CS(HL-LL),b2=0,1S1(HL-LL)=k1/(1-)1,C1S1(HL-LL),y*0(B),,x*2=1C2S2(HL-LL),x*0,y*2=112565:,,,,,5(0y*1,x*0,y=1)6(0x*1,y*0,x=1)5:()()6S(HL-LL)CS(HH-LH),S1(LH-LL)C1S1(HH-LH),y*1(C),x*1=0;,S2(LH-LL)C2S2(PHH-LH),x*1,,y*1=012787(0[y*[1,x*1,y=0)2b2=1,6S(PHH)-c/2\S(PLH)-wp,2b2=0,S(PHL)-c/2[124系统管理学报208(0[x*[1,y*1,x=0)S(PLL)-wp,,,,,,,6:,,,,,,,