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大学英语精读第6册全文课文翻译第六册RESEARCHREPORTSFORBUSINESSANDTHECNICALWRITINGAsurprisingamountofone'stimeasastudentandprofessionalisspentreportingtheresultsofone'sresearchprojectsforpresentationtoteachers,managers,andclients.Indeed,withoutbasicresearchskillsandtheabilitytopresentresearchresultsclearlyandcompletely,anindividualwillencountermanyobstaclesinschoolandonthejob.Theneedforsomeresearch-writingabilityisfeltnearlyequallybycollegestudentsinallfields,engineeringandscienceaswellasbusinessandthehumanities.Graduatestudyoftenmakesgreatdemandsonthestudent'sresearch-writingskills,andmostprofessionscontinuethedemand;education,advertisingandmarketing,economicsandaccounting,scienceandengineering,psychology,anthropology,thearts,andagriculturemayallrequireregularreportingofresearchdata.ELEMENTSOFTHERESEARCHPAPERThestandardresearchreport,regardlessofthefieldortheintendedreader,containsfourmajorsections.Thesesectionsmaybebrokendownintoavarietyofsubsections,andtheymaybearrangedinavarietyofways,buttheyregularlymakeupthecoreofthereport.ProblemSection.Thefirstrequiredsectionofaresearchreportisthestatementoftheproblemwithwhichtheresearchprojectisconcerned.Thissectionrequiresaprecisestatementoftheunderlyingquestionwhichtheresearcherhassetouttoanswer.Inthissamesectionthereshouldbeanexplanationofthesignificance--social,economic,medical,psychological,educational,etc.--ofthequestion;inotherwords,whytheinvestigationwasworthconducting.Thus,ifwesetout,forexample,toanswerthequestionWhatistheeffectofregularconsumptionoffastfoodsonthehealthoftheAmericanteenager?wemustexplainthatthequestionisthoughttohavesignificantrelevancetothehealthofthissegmentofthepopulationandmightleadtosomesortofregulationsonsuchfoods.Afrequentsubsectionofthisproblemsectionisareviewofpastresearchonthetopicbeinginvestigated.Thiswouldconsistofsummariesofthecontributionsofpreviousresearchertothequestionunderconsiderationwithsomeassessmentofthevalueofthesecontributions.Thissubsectionhasrhetoricalusefulnessinthatitenhancesthecredibilityoftheresearcherbyindicatingthatthedata商务、技术研究报告的写作作为学生和专业人员，他们花了大量时间将自己的研究项目的结果报告给老师，经理和委托人。的确，一个人如果没有从事研究工作的基本技能和将研究成果清楚而完整地表达的能力，那么他就会在学习和工作中碰到许多障碍。科研写作能力的需要对于在各个领域的学生都是相等的，无论理工科学生还是商务、人文学科的学生都是这样研究生阶段的学习对学生的科研写作提出了很高的要求，而且大多数职业继续要求这样：教育（学）、广告与市场营销、经济学与会计学，理工科、心理学、人类学、艺术以及农艺可能都要定期报告研究的信息。研究报告的要素标准的研究报告，不论是哪个领域或针对哪类读者，都有四个主要部分。这些大的部分可以分成许多小的部分，而且结构安排可以多种多样，但是报告的核心通常由这四大部分组成的。问题部分。研究报告的首要部分就是陈述研究项目所涉及的问题。这一部分要求准确阐述研究者要问答的根本问题。在这同一个部分里应该从社会、经济，医学、心理、教育方面来解释问题的意义：换言之，为什么值得进行这项研究。这样，举例来说，如果我们开始回答“经常食用快餐食品对美国青少年有什么影响？”那么我们就必须解释，此问题认为同这部分的人口有着非常密切的关系，可能导致对此类食品作出某种规定。问题这一部分通常有一个小部分对该课题过去的研究民情况进行回顾。这可能包括对这个问题以前的研究者作出的贡献进行总结以及对这些贡献作出某种评价。这一小部分具有修辞作用，因为它显示了所提供的资料是在对本领域所取得的成果透彻理解的基础上取得的，因而它提高了对研presentedisbasedonathoroughknowledgeofwhathasbeendoneinthefieldand,possibly,growsoutofsomeinvestigativetradition.ProceduresSection.Thesecondmajorsectionoftheresearchreportdetails,withasmuchdataaspossible,exactlyhowthestudywascarriedout.Thissectionincludesdescriptionofanynecessaryequipment,howthesubjectswereselectedifsubjectswereused,whatstatisticaltechniquewasusedtoevaluatethesignificanceofthefindings,howmanyobservationsweremadeandwhen,etc.Aninvestigationoftherelativeeffectivenessofvariousswim-strokeswouldhavetodetailthenumberofswimmerstested,thenatureofthetestsconducted,theexperienceoftheswimmers,theweatherconditionsatthetimeofthetest,andanyotherfactorsthatcontributedtotheoverallexperiment.Thegoaloftheproceduressectionistoallowthereadertoduplicatetheexperimentifsuchweredesiredtoconfirm,orrefute,yourfindings.ResultsSection.Thethird,andperhapsmostimportant,sectionoftheresearchreportisthepresentationoftheresultsobtainedfromtheinvestigation.Thebasicruleinthissectionistogivealldatarelevanttotheresearchquestioninitiallyasked.Although,ofcourse,one'snaturaltendencymightbetosuppressanyfindingswhichdonotinsomewaysupportone'shypothesis,suchdishonestyisantitheticaltogoodresearchreportinginanyfield.Iftheexperimentsundertakenfailtoproveanything,ifthedatawasinadequateorcontrarytoexpectations,thereportshouldbehonestlywrittenandascompleteaspossible,justasitwouldbeifthehypothesisweretotallyprovenbytheresearch.DiscussionSection.Thefinalrequiredsectionofaresearchreportisadiscussionoftheresultsobtainedandastatementofanyconclusionswhichmaybedrawnfromthoseresults.Ofprimaryinterestinbusinessandtechnicalresearchreportsisthevalidityoftheresultsasthebasesforcompanydecisions:Willourplannedconstructionprojectmeetfederalenvironmentalguidelinesandbeapprovedforbuilding?Willthisnewprogramattractskilledpersonneltoourcompany?Willthisnewoilrecoverytechniquebefinanciallyfeasible?Thus,thediscussionsectionoftheresearchreportmustevaluatetheresearchresultsfully:weretheyvalidlyobtained,aretheycompleteorlimited,aretheyapplicableoverawiderangeofcircumstances?Thediscussionsectionshouldalsopointoutwhatquestionremainunansweredandperhapssuggestdirectionsforfurtherresearch.STYLEOFRESEARCHREPORTSResearchreportsareconsideredformalprofessional究者的可信度。并且很可能是从某种调查研究中得出来的。过程部分。研究报告的第二大部分准确阐述了，用尽可能多的资料，研究是如何进行的。这部分包括说明所需