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A．动词的过去分词的否定形式动词的过去分词的否定形式是由not加动词的过去分词构成。___________________,hehadtowaitoutside.不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。B．动词的过去分词的特征1．动词的过去分词有时同时带有被动和完成的意义。__________________________________,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。Oneoftheglasseswasfound________.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。Thebooks,_________________,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。NotallowedtogoinBornandbroughtupinthecountrysidebrokenwrittenbyLuXun2．及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思。___________________,Icouldhavesolvedthatriddle.要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。WhenyouspeakEnglish,besureto__________________.你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。Theexperience__________________wasofgreatvaluetoourstudy.在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。3．不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。Givenenoughtimemakeyourselfunderstoodgainedinthearmy逃犯退休工人新来的客人落叶升起的太阳anescapedprisoneraretiredworkeranewlyarrivedguestfallenleavestherisensun=aprisonerwhohasescaped=aworkerwhohasretired=aguestwhohasjustarrived=leaveswhichhavefallen=thesunwhichhasrisen一般说来现在分词和过去分词的区别主要表现在“时态”和“语态”两个方面。时间方面：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词则表示完成的动作。开水____________正沸腾的水_______________发达国家____________________发展中国家__________________落叶______________正在飘落的叶子______________语态方面现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者；过去分词表示被动意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受着。一个激动人心的电影________________________激动的观众______________________我听到有人正在关门。_________________________我听到门被关上了。__________________________boiledwaterboilingwaterdevelopedcountriesdevelopingcountriesfallenleavesfallingleavesanexcitingfilm(afilmthatexcitespeople)excitedaudiences(audienceswhoareexcitedby…)Iheardsomeoneclosingthedoor.Iheardthedoorclosed.过去分词作定语：1．前置定语单个的动词的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。Awatchedpotneverboils.心急锅不开。（潮汕话版本：等水卖滚，等仔卖大。）_______________________________havebeenrepaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。但也有后置的情况，例如：_______________isnotforyou,butformyson.剩下的食物不是给你的，而是留给我儿子的。2．后置定语分词短语作定语一般放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。Wehavereadmanynovels___________________.我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。（=thatarewrittenbythisauthor）Awoman,____________________,cameinandtookherseatasajudge.一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(=whowasdressedlikealawyer)AllthebrokendoorsandwindowsThefoodleftwrittenbythisauthordressedlikealawyer1.Thechemistryteacher,______bymanystudents,wentintothelaboratory.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.tobefollowed2.TheUSAisa______country.A.developingB.developedC.todevelopD.develop3.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying4.TheOlympicGames,________in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying5.Idon'tknowthegirl________inthedestroyedbuildingbecauseoftheearthquake.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatchingABBCB【1】—Canthose_____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?—Noproblem.（2008福建卷）A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat【2】Thetrees_______inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.（2008湖南卷）A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownDtoblowdown【3】Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime____.（2008江西卷）A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows【4】“Things______nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.（2007湖南卷）A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.havelost【5】Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.(2010全国卷1)A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowingCBCAC【6】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition______inyesterday'sChinaDaily.（2010北京卷）A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised【7】Agreatnumberof_______studentssaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.（2010四川卷）A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioningAC过去分词作状语动词的过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1．表示时间：动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。__________________,thecitylooksbeautiful.从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。（=Whenthecityisseenfromthetower...）__________________,weweretakentoseethelibrary.带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。（=Afterwehadbeenshownthelab...）2.表示原因：动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。_________________________,thechildrencouldn’thelpcrying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。（=Sincetheyweremovedbytheheroicdeeds...）____________________,herletterisveryhardtoread.因为写得匆忙，她的信很难阅读。（=Asitwaswritteninahurry...）SeenfromthetowerShownthelabMovedbytheheroicdeedsWritteninahurry3.表示条件动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。_______,waterchangesintosteam.加热，水就能变成蒸汽。（=Ifwaterisheated...）_______________,hewouldbeabletodobetter.假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。（=Ifhewasgivenmoretime...）4.表示让步动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。______________________,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。（=Althoughtheywereexhaustedbytherunning...）________________________,hecontinuedhisresearch.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。（=Evenifhewaslaughedatbymanypeople...）HeatedGivenmoretimeExhaustedbytherunningLaughedatbymanypeople5．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。Theteacherstoodthere,_________________________.老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。（=andhewassurroundedbythestudents）Hewentintotheoffice,_______________________.他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(=…andhewasfollowedbysomechildren.)surroundedbythestudentsfollowedbysomechildren[考例]1.________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding[考例]2._______time,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given【高考链接1】_______twice,thepostmanref