英语写作I(Unit-8)

2011-Simon-GDUBS英语写作IEnglishWritingSimon(Xiangming)[e-mail]:[e-mail]:writingDecember,20112011-Simon-GDUBS2011-Simon-GDUBSUnitObjectives•Tellwhatsubordinationisandexplainthesimilarityandthedifferencebetweencoordinationandsubordination•Learnhowtoaddinformationandachievespecialemphasiswithsubordination2011-Simon-GDUBSUnitObjectives•Learnhowtowritenaturalandconcisesubordinatesentences•Knowhowtoavoidmisplacedmodifiersanddanglingmodifiers•Learntowriteshortcompositions2011-Simon-GDUBSIntroduction•Incoordination,bothsentencescanstillstandaloneandexpresscompletemeanings.Insubordination,however,onlyonesentenceretainsitsindependence.Theothersentencecannolongerexistbyitself,anditsmeaningisnolongercomplete.2011-Simon-GDUBSIntroduction•Forexample,wecancombineManystudentschoosetomajorincomputertechnologyandManystudentsbelievethismajorguaranteesagoodjobinthefutureintoonesentence:•Manystudentschoosetomajorincomputertechnologybecausetheybelievethismajorguaranteesagoodjobinthefuture.•Inthissentence,becausetheybelievethismajorguaranteesagoodjobinthefuturecannotbeusedasanindependentsentencebecauseitsmeaningisincomplete.2011-Simon-GDUBSIntroduction•Subordinateclausescanhelpwritersintwoways.•First,theycanaddmoreinformationtoasentence.Forinstance,•Ilovethosetreesthatmygrandpaplantedinfrontofourhouse.•Ilovethosetrees.2011-Simon-GDUBSIntroduction•Second,subordinateclausescanhelptoachievespecialemphaticeffects.Theideainthemainclauseisusuallymoreimportantthanthatinthesubordinateclause.Forexample,•TheInternethascausedmanyproblemsthatshouldbedealtwithimmediately.•ManyproblemsthattheInternethascausedshouldbedealtwithimmediately.2011-Simon-GDUBSPARTIWARM-UPACTIVITIES•Suggestedanswerstotheexercises•1.Group1:•Marylikesthatshopverymuch,andshegoestherealmosteveryweek.•Marylikesthatshopverymuch,soshegoestherealmosteveryweek.•Marygoestherealmosteveryweekbecauseshelikesthatshopverymuch.2011-Simon-GDUBS•Group2:•Tonyisverygiftedinmusic,buthechosetomajorinaccounting.•AlthoughTonyisverygiftedinmusic,hechosetomajorinaccounting.•Tony,whoisverygiftedinmusic,chosetomajorinaccounting.•Tony,whochosetomajorinaccounting,isverygiftedinmusic.2011-Simon-GDUBSPARTIIFOCUS•Subordination•Subordinationvs.coordination•Suggestedanswerstotheexercise•C.a.Tonyisverygiftedinmusic,buthechosetomajorinaccounting.•S.b.AlthoughTonyisverygiftedinmusic,hechoseto'majorinaccounting.•S.c.Tony,whoisverygiftedinmusic,chosetomajorinaccounting.•S.d.Tony,whochosetomajorinaccounting,isverygiftedinmusic.2011-Simon-GDUBS•Similarity:Theybothcombinetwoclausesintoonesentence.•Difference:Thetwoclausesincoordinatesentencescanbeusedindependentlybecausetheirmeaningsarecomplete.However,insubordination,onlyoneclausere-tainsacompletemeaningandcanbeusedindependently.2011-Simon-GDUBSReferencefortheClassroomActivities•a.Thatkingdomwassmallbutrich,andeverybodylivedhappilythere.•Inthatkingdom,whichwassmallbutrich,everybodylivedhappily.•b.Redrosesareusedtosymbolizelove,andmanypeoplebuythemonLover'sDay.•Asredrosesareusedtosymbolizelove,manypeoplebuythemonLover'sDay.2011-Simon-GDUBS•c.ManchesterUnitedhasplayedverywellsincelastNovember,so/andmanyyoungpeo-pleadmireitsmembers.•ManyyoungpeopleadmirethemembersofManchesterUnitedbecauseithasplayedverywellsincelastNovember.•d.TillnowonlyasmallnumberofAmericanshaverealizedtheAmericandream,butmostpeoplestillholdthebelieftobetrue.2011-Simon-GDUBS•AlthoughtillnowonlyasmallnumberofAmericanshaverealizedtheAmericandream,mostpeoplestillholdthebelieftobetrue.•e.Hewasveryexperiencedinsellingopticalproducts,buy/yethewasturneddownbythatspectaclescompany.•Thoughhewasveryexperiencedinsellingopticalproducts,hewasturneddownbythatspectaclescompany.2011-Simon-GDUBSTypesofsubordination•Grammatically,sentencecomponentsfallintofourbroadcategories:nominal,verbal,adjectiveandadverbial.•Nominalcomponentsrefertocomponentslikesubjectsandobjects,Whicharetypicallythejobofnouns.•Verbalcomponentsrefertothepredicateofsentences,andtypicallyonlyverbscanbeusedforthispurpose.2011-Simon-GDUBS•Adjectivecomponentsrefertocomponentsusedtomodifynominalcomponents.Thisencompassesawiderangeofpartsofspeech,suchasadjectives,prepositionalphrases,andparticiples.•Adverbialcomponentsrefertothoseusedtomodifyverbalcomponents,adjectivecomponents,andevenotheradverbialcomponents.2011-Simon-GDUBS•Nominalcomponent:Idon'tbelievewhatIsee.•Verbalcomponent:Theboyshouted,criedandwhimpered,butthemotherstillsaidNo.•Adjectivecomponent:Canyoushowmethesweateryouboughtlastweek?•Adverbialcomponent:Whenshecamein,shefoundastrangerinherlivingroom.2011-Simon-GDUBSA.Nominalclauses•Suggestedanswerstotheexercise•a.Idon'tknow(that)thatmanisyourfather.•b.Idon'tknowif/whetheryourfatherhasnoticedthesmellofcigarettesmokeintheroom.•c.Whyyourfathercomeshereisamysterytome.2011-Simon-GDUBS2011-Simon-GDUBSReferencefortheClassroomActivities•a.Manypeoplearestillignorantthatdifferentflowersmeanquitedifferentthings.•b.Nobodynoticedthatshealmostshudderedatthementionofthatname.•c.Theflowertoldthelittleprincethati