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WestwardMovementWestwardMovementWestwardmovementinAmericacarriedsettlersacrossAmerica,fromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificOcean.ThewestwardmovementisamassmovementtothewesternregionoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaEasternpopulationmigrationanddevelopmentFrontiersmen:slaveowners、hunters、miners、ranchersandfarmersReason1:AftertheindependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theabolitionoftheBritishgovernmentbanonimmigrationtoWest'sdecree,manyimmigrantsfromeasterncoastalregionandEuropehavemoreAmericanWestwardMovementovertheAppalachianMountainstothewest.Reason2：AftertheindependenceoftheUnitedStates,theprogressivedevelopmentofindustry,theUnitedStateseconomybegantoexpand,therawmaterialsupplyandincreasingdemand.Theeastern13,rawmaterialsmarketisverylimited,difficulttomeettheincreasinglydevelopmentofthedomesticmarketdemand,atthesametime,withthelargeinfluxofnaturalpopulationgrowthandimmigration,thearablelandisdecreasing.Inordertosurviveanddevelopbetter,theUnitedStatesofAmericabegantotakeitseyestothevastwesternterritory.美国独立后，工业逐步发展，美国的经济市场开始扩大，其对原材料的供应需求日益增加。东部13州的原材料市场显得十分有限，难以满足日益发展起来的国内市场的需求，同时，随着自然人口的增长和外来移民的大量涌入，可开垦土地日益减少。为了寻求更好的生存和发展，美利坚合众国开始把它的目光转向了辽阔的西部疆域。•WheatKingdom小麦王国（TheOhioRiverandnorthoftheMissouriRiver俄亥俄河和密苏里河以北)•Breadbasket面包篮(ThroughouttheMidwest整个中西部)•animalkingdom畜牧王国(Westernprairie西部大草原)•Cottonkingdom棉花王国(InthelowerreachesoftheMississippiRiver密西西比河下游地区)Politicalandmeasures:1.landpolicy2.immigratepolicy3.infrastructuredevelopmentpolicysupport4.thedevelopmentofeducationpolicyResultsofWestwardMovementToAmericans:•Advantages:1.Thefrontierexperiencepromoteddemocracy.2.Classlinesblurredinfrontiersocieties.3.ThefrontierexperienceencouragedthedevelopmentofgoodAmericancharacteristics.4.Asjacksofalltrades.pioneersbecameinventiveandself-reliant.5.Frontierofferedopportunitiesforsuccesstothosewhowordedhard.6.Peoplebecamewealthwhenaccumulatingwealth.•Disadvantages:1.Thepioneersbecameextremelywastefulbecausetheylivedamongsuchplentifulnaturalresources.2.Pioneerscutdownvastareasofforests,lostlargeamountsofgoldandothermineralsincarelessminingoperations,andexhaustedthesoil.3.Aspeoplemovedfromplacetoplace,theylosttheirattachmenttoaspecificregion.ResultsofWestwardMovementToIndians•Inordertogetthelandsandresources,themigrationpeoplecheatedthelocalIndiansandkilledthemcruelly.ThewestwardmovementwasamovementtomassacreaboriginalIndians.ItwasamiserablehistorytoIndians.Theybecamelandless,homeless,andevenlifeless.However,itwasalsoahistoryaboutrebellion.ThousandsofIndiansfoughtagainstthoseinvaderstoprotecttheirinterests.Buttheyfailedatlast.ForIndians:Withthewestwardmovement,manyIndianswerekilled.Survivorsareforcedtomoredesolatereservations,theyforcedmigrationpathisalsoknownastheIndiantearsroad.西进移民对“先到先占”自然法则的认可使民主平等精神渗入每一位美国人的思想。长期生活在以“优先原则”为主体的社会环境中．人们的等级观念逐渐消失，平等意识萌生。追求民主、平等成为人们的一种自觉行为和社会价值观。westwardmigrationonthe“firstcome,first”thelawsofnaturethatcanmakethespiritofdemocracyandequalityineveryAmericanthought.Long-termlivingina“priority”asthemainbodyofthesocialenvironment.Peoplerankideagraduallydisappear,equalconsciousnessinitiation.Thepursuitofdemocracy,equalityandbecomeaconsciousbehaviorandsocialvalues.•WestwardmovementhascreatedtheUnitedNation‘sbraveandadventurousspirit.Thewestwardmovementistosomeextentamassofadventuresports,ontheonehand,manyimmigrantsknownothingatallontheroad,isa“riskofblindness”,theydon’thaveaplanofaction,justastheexplorersrumorshurriedon,inhaslaunchedthe“Ohioheat”,“Oregonhot”,“Californiahot”,mostpeoplejustfollowtherumorsofthe“target”.Ontheotherhand,immigrantshavetowithstandallkindsofdifficultiesandchallengesinthewaychallenge.•西进运动造就了美利坚民族的勇敢与冒险精神。西进运动在某种程度上是一场群众性冒险运动，一方面，许多移民对西进路途一无所知,是一种“盲目性”的冒险，他们没有行动计划，只是随着探险家的传闻匆匆上路，在先后掀起的“俄亥俄热”、“俄勒冈热”、“加利福尼亚热”中，大多数人只是跟着传闻中的“目标”前进。另一方面，移民在西进途中要经受各种困难和考验的挑战。.ThespiritofUS美国精神1、PromotethedemocracyofUSA对美国民主制度的促进。AndrewJackson安德鲁·杰克逊TheseventhpresidentoftheUnitedStatesThefirstpresidentfromtheWest这表明西部在全国性政治大事中的影响与日俱增。杰克逊是土生土长的西部人，具有典型的边疆拓荒者的粗犷的个人主义气质。他在上台后倡导官职轮流制，显出了平等的精神，形成了美国历史上著名的“杰克逊式民主”。2、Theshapingthespiritofautonomy自治精神的塑造。3、Theshapingoftheindividualism对个人主义的塑造。4、Createdpragmatism.造就了实用主义。5、Theexerciseofpioneering,enterprisingspirit锤炼了开拓、进取的精神。TheGatewayArch圣路易斯拱门（西进之门）Theworld'shigheststainlesssteelmonument(世界上最高的不锈钢纪念碑)MissouriState(密苏里州)St.Louis(圣路易斯)Commemorativecoins纪念币ThankYou小组成员：周婷谢丽君金枝徐燕玉陈柳