福州大学外国语学院林长真近义词辨析essential,indispensable,necessary,vital真题重现Firstpublishedin1927,thechartsremainan________sourceforresearchers.【CET-4:2004.06】A)identicalB)indispensableC)intelligentD)inevitable辨析一点通本题考查的四个形容词在语义上的差别很大,只要我们了解了它们的英文释义及典型例句,就不难选出正确答案。基于大型的语料库,优质的词典为学习者提供精当的英文释义、典型搭配及典范例句,可谓浓缩了语言的精华,实为不可或缺的良师益友。【译文】这些最初发表于1927年的图表一直是研究人员不可或缺的一种原始资料。【辨异】identical意为“完全相同的;十分相似的”(exactlythesameoralike),如:Thisistheidenticalhotelthatwestayedinlastyear.(这就是我们去年住过的旅馆。)或ThatumbrellaisidenticaltotheoneIlost.(那把伞跟我丢的一模一样。)indispensable意为“不可或缺的”(soimportantorusefulthatitisimpossibletomanagewithout),如:Finedictionariesareindispensableforlearningaforeignlanguage.(学外语离不开好词典。)intelligent意为“聪明的;智能的”(havingorshowingintelligence;smart),如:Sheisdescribedasthemostintelligentwomaninthevillage.(人们认为她是村里最聪明的女人。)inevitable意为“不可避免的”(certaintohappen;unavoidable),常修饰不利的事物,如:Itseemsinevitablethatthey’lllose.(看来他们难免会输。)综合上述分析及考题的语境,本题应选B)。另外,2002年1月四级考试中出现过下面的考题:IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay________rolesinraisingchildren.A)incapableB)indispensableC)insensibleD)infinite【辨异】该题选项中的四个形容词均含表否定的前缀in-。incapable意为“无能力的”,insensible意为“无知觉的;未察觉的”,infinite意为“无限的,无穷的”,这三个词都与题意不符。正确答案为indispensable,句意为:在中国家庭里,祖父母和其他亲属在抚养孩子方面起着不可或缺的作用。indispensable的近义词常见的有essential,necessary和vital等,下面对它们的用法逐一说明:essential意为“本质的;基本的;必不可少的”(centraltothenatureofsth.;basic;extremelyimportant),强调某物或事涉及本质或客观上十分必要,如:anessentialpartoftheEnglishcharacter(英国人性格的本质部分).Ifyou’regoinghikinginthemountains,adecentpairofbootsisessential.(去山里远足的话,一双好靴子是必不可少的。)Itisessentialtoreadanydocumentcarefullybeforeyousignit.(签字之前,一定要认真阅读文件。)indispensable意为“不可或缺的;绝对需要的”(unabletobedispensedwith,ordonewithout;absolutelynecessary),强调某人或物起着不可替代的重要作用,如:HislongexperienceattheUnitedNationsmakeshimindispensabletothetalks.(他在联合国长期工作的经验使他成为该谈判不可或缺的一位参与者。)Thesedrugsarealmostindispensableinthefightagainstthedisease.(这些药物对于治疗此病几乎是不可或缺的。)necessary意为“必要的,必需的”(positivelyneeded;requiredtobedone,achieved,orpresent),但通常不强调某物或事绝对必要,如:Thedoctorsaysitmaybenecessaryforhimtohaveanoperation.(医生说,他可能需要动手术。)Itisnecessarythatweall(should)bethere.(我们有必要都到场。)福州大学外国语学院林长真vital意为“维持生命所必需的;关键的”(essentialforlife;crucial),强调一旦缺少某物或事将导致严重的问题,如:Theheartperformsavitalbodilyfunction.(心脏起着维持生命的重要作用。)Itisvitaltogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.(尽快为该地区提供医疗用品是至关重要的。)Thepointisvitaltomyargument.(这一点对我的论证极为重要。)essential,indispensable,necessary和vital除了在语义侧重点方面存在上述差异外,它们在习惯搭配及构句模式方面主要有以下异同点:①四个词均常接介词to或for;②除indispensable外,其余三个词可用于itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.及itis+adj.+that…句式中,这意味着indispensable通常不用于修饰某事。目的词扩展1.essencen.thebasicnature,orthemostimportantqualityorfeatureofsth.本质;精髓;特色【例】inessence实质上;theveryessenceoftheessay文章的精髓2.dispensev.togiveorprovide(sth.)分发;提供【例】Thereisavendingmachinethatdispensessnacks.有一台出售零食的自动售货机。dispensewith(sth./sb.):getridof;doawaywith省掉;免除;摆脱【例】Let’sdispensewiththeformalities!咱们就别客套了!3.necessitatev.tomake(sth.)necessary使成为必需;需要【例】It’sanunpopularmeasure,butthesituationnecessitatesit.这是一项不得人心的措施,但却是形势所需。necessityn.somethingthatisnecessary;theneedforsth.必需品;必要性【例】anecessityoflife一种生活必需品Isthereanynecessityforanotherelection?有必要再选举一次吗?4.vitaminn.维生素,维他命【例】agoodsourceofvitaminC维生素C的好来源练练吧一、根据括号中的中文提示,用essential,indispensable,necessary和vital的适当形式完成句子。1.____________________________(如有必要,我会熬通宵),togetitfinished.2.Shesuggeststhatthey______________________________(省去所有致辞)atthewedding.3.Theanimal_____________________(受了致命伤).4.Thenation’sunemploymentrate______________________________(仍基本未变).二、选词填空。Thereareamyriadofpublichealthconcernswhichlegislatorsandregulatoryagenciesaddressthatrelatetopharmacists(药剂师)andtheproductsthey1.Pharmacistsareinaprominentpositiontoprovidebackgrounddata,legislativecontentandexpositiontolocal,stateand2governments.Throughhealthscreeningsandhealtheducation,pharmacistsplaya(n)3roleinpreventionaswellasaccesstocare.Inlightofworkforceshortagesamonghealthprofessionals,pharmacistsmay4asfirstresponders,providingclinicaladvicetoincludeover-the-counter(OTC)reliefthatmayaidindecreasing5emergencyroomvisitsforcommonconditions.Pharmacistsareofteninvolved6theclinicalmanagementofchronicdiseases,andminordiseasediagnosisand7.Further,pharmacistsprovideanexcellentsourceofhumancapitaltothecommunityby8primarypreventionthroughhealtheducation.福州大学外国语学院林长真Primarypreventionisthe9ofpublichealth.Consequently,greateremphasisregardingtheroleofpharmacistsinthepublichealthinfrastructureneedstobe10.A)senseB)actC)recognizedD)vitaminE)dispenseF)keyG)treatmentH)amongI)federalJ)unnecessaryK)inL)conductingM)intelligenceN)essenceO)identify参考答案一、1.I’llstayupallnight,ifnecessary句意:如有必要,我会熬通宵来做完它。2.dispensewithspeechesaltogether句意:她建议省去婚礼上的所有致辞。3.wasvitallyhurt句意:这只动物受了致命伤。4.hasremainedessentiallyunchanged句意:该国的失业率仍基本未变。二、本段介绍了药剂师在美国社会里所扮演的多重重要角色。1.E)dispense。pharmacist在英式英语中的对应词是dispensingchemist。dispense此处意为prepareandsell(medicines),即“配制、销售(药品)”。2.I)federal。在美国,pharmacists除了配制、销售药品外,还要向各级政府部门提供相关数据、立法依据或进行情况说明。local,stateandfederalgovernments意为“地方政府、州政府及联邦政府”。3.F)key。key此处意为vital,crucial,即“关键的”。在疾病预防及医疗服务方面,pharm