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非谓语动词动词不定式(todo)现在分词和动名词(v-ing)过去分词(done)在句中均不能作谓语,即在句可以充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分。非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语形式构成时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词todotobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendonedoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonedoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone在非谓语前加notforsb.todosth.ofsb.todosth.sb./sb’sdoing〖作主语仅用sb’sdoing〗〖特别注意：nothavingdone;one’snotdoing/one’snothavingdone〗第四步：分析时态第一步：辨别谓语“是与非”第二步：考虑习惯搭配第三步：确定非谓语的逻辑主语，判断语态第一步：辨别谓语“是与非”一个句子如果没有连接词、引导词，那么只能有一个谓语动词。寻找动词，根据时态结构判断谓语和非谓语（注意标点符号）23.Theboyoftengivesasatisfactoryanswertotheteacher’squestion,_____justaminute.Sohe’susuallytheteacher’spet.A.thoughtB.havingthoughtC.andtothinkD.thinking24.Thepolicemancameuptothelonelyhousewiththedoor____,____thereforawhileandthenenteredit.A.open;tostandB.opening;stoodC.open;stoodD.opened;standing33._____everythingtogowronginadvance,andyouwon’tfeelquitesobadwhenitdoes.A.HavingexpectedB.ExpectC.ToexpectD.Expecting非谓语谓语谓语祈使句★★★withthedoor____第四步：分析时态第一步：辨别谓语“是与非”第二步：考虑习惯搭配第三步：确定非谓语的逻辑主语，判断语态1)作定语时，被修饰的词是逻辑主语2)作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语3)作宾语补足语时，宾语是逻辑主语1)根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间；2)根据上下文的语境确定时间。一个句子如果没有连接词、引导词，那么只能有一个谓语动词。寻找动词，根据时态结构判断谓语和非谓语（注意标点符号）非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主谓关系，为主动，动宾关系，为被动。★判断时间关系方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前之后同时不定式分词tohavedonetodotobedoinghavingdone/havingbeendone(done)doing/beingdone1)Theproblem____nextisofgreatimportance.Theproblem____nowisofgreatimportance.Theproblem____justnowisofgreatimportance.A.discussedB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedABCnextnowjustnow2)Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentfeltrelaxed.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledCA错误原因典型易错题________yourselfwithpositivepeopleandyouwillkeepfocusedonwhatyoucandoinsteadofwhatyoucan’t.A.SurroundingB.SurroundedC.SurroundD.Havingsurrounded_________,theplayersbeganthegame.A.HavingtakenourseatsB.TakingourseatsC.AfterwetookourseatsD.Beingtakentheseats忽视句子结构，误选非谓语动词分词的逻辑主语与句子主语混淆不清CCWalterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork______,werefusedtheoffer.A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinishedC.nothavingfinishedD.notfinishedD★判断是否用非谓语形式方法：看句中是否已有谓语动词★找非谓语动词的逻辑主语方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语错误原因典型易错题①Isendyou1,000yuantoday,therest___inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed②----Whattheyoungmandidisreallyworthpraising.----Iagree,andhehasreceivedalotoflettersofsupport,all____himtokeepgoingandstaypositive.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.toencourageD.encourage③Alicedidn'tnoticeIwascoming,hermind_____theworkshewasdoing.A.wastotallyfixedonB.wastotallyfixingonC.totallyfixedonD.totallyfixingonCAC独立主格结构中，非谓语动词的形式错误现在分词过去分词不定式形容词副词介词短语名词(代词)+★判断主被动关系方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系错误原因典型易错题①____backtoChina,allthestaffwhohadworkedinLibyastronglyfeltthatourcountryisverypowerful.A.ToflyB.BeingflyingC.TobeflownD.Havingbeenflown②____twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten③---Inmanydevelopedcountries,theelderlyhavealreadyoutnumberedchildren.---Yes,andChinaisreported_____throughasimilarprocessofpopulationaging,andatafasterpace.A.togoB.tobegoingC.goingD.tohavegoneDBB时态判断错误★判断时间关系方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前之后同时不定式分词tohavedonetodotobedoinghavingdone/havingbeendone(done)doing/beingdone错误原因典型易错题Ofthe2,000stockinvestors______lastmonth,90%wasfound_______infinancialknowledge.A.surveyed;lackingB.havingbeensurveyed;lackingC.surveyed;lackedD.tohavebeensurveyed;lacked①Scientistshavepointedoutthatbeansofthistype,________longenough,canbepoisonous.A.ifnottobecookedB.ifnotcookedC.ifnotcookingD.ifnotbeingcooked误用havingbeendone/havingdone作定语误用beingdone作状语AB②Although__，theAcropolisisstillhandlingseriousproblemssuchasdeliberatedamageandstealingofstones.(11南京一模)A.conservingB.tobeconservedC.havingconservedD.beingconservedD★having(been)done不作定语,常作状语表时间、原因，部分动词的宾语beingdone常作主、宾或定语(作状语、宾补时仅表“正在被做”)错误原因典型易错题Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.(07天津)A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet①Hewasbusywritingastory,only_____onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.（08辽宁）A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstoppedMr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup误用onlytodoBonlytodo作状语，表示“出乎意料的”结果误用todo作状语表目的②Arrivingatabusstop______thevehiclepullingawayjustafewminutesagoisquiteannoying.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tobefindingABB“似是而非”的to,不定式作状语表目的，其前面不用逗号错误原因典型易错题①_________ananswerfromherhusband,Emilydecidedtosendhimanotheremail.A.ReceivingnotB.HavingnotreceivedC.NothavingreceivedD.Notreceiving②---Theyarequiet,aren'tthey?---Yes.Theyareaccustomed________atmeals.A.nottotalkB.tonottalkC.nottotalkingD.tonottalking①Thespokesmanwasseatedinfrontofallthejournalistsatthepressconference,______toanswerallkindsofquestions.A.preparedB.preparingC.tobepreparedD.havingprepared②Undertheenvironmentoffiercecompetition,theonlywayJohncouldimagine_____stresswastog