非谓语动词——to-do--ppt

TodoGrammarNon-finiteVerbs在Itis+形容词+ofsb+不定式结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,silly,good,unwise,clever,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,rude,impolite,bold,thoughtful,honest,bad,sensible,naughty等。在“Itis+形容词+forsb+不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important,possible,impossible,necessary,difficult,hard,reasonable等。比较ItisgoodofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.(强调you的特征=Youaregoodtohelpme.)Itisgoodforyoutogiveupsmoking.(强调的是giveupsmoking这一行为=Foryoutogiveupsmokingisgood.)Itis+形容词+for/ofsb+不定式结构有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,offer,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,prefer,intend,etc.2．不定式作宾语：3．不定式作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Sheseemed______(think)abouttheproblem.1.Theywanted______(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.一般说来，动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。Smokingisforbiddenhere.(泛指)It'snotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.(具体)Theypreferstayingindoorswhentheweatheriscold.(泛指)Wouldyouprefertostayathomethisevening?(具体)Ilikesinging,butIdon'tliketosingthisnight.比较4.不定式作宾语补足语1.Ididn’twantmyparents______(help)me.2.We’dpreferyou____(take)thejobinsteadofZhang.3.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom______(clean).4.Myparentsexpectme_______(go)toanidealuniversity.5.Joanpromisedthedinner______(cook)beforewereturned.6.Thedoctoradvisedthepatient______(take)twopillseveryfourhours.7.Hedeterminedme_______(tell)everything.不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词名代词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。1主谓关系Thefuturetogreetuswillbebright.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2动宾关系OnSundays,healwayshasalotofletterstowrite.Hecanfindnoonetomakefriendswith.3同位关系Westudentsshouldhavethecouragetofaceanydifficulty.4修饰关系Nowitistimetobeginourclass.5.动词不定式作定语由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Shehasachildtotakecareof.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Hehasnofriendtodependon.I'vegotalotofthingstoseetothismorning.点津坊不定式作定语巩固练习Changethefollowingintoinfinitives.Hewasthefirstpersonthatcametotheclassroomthismorning.TheonlythingthatIwanttogetisthediamondnecklace.Everythingthatisdoneneedspraising.Herearesomebooksthatyoucanread.不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。1.表示目的I’msavinguptobuyacomputer.6.动词不定式作状语有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo,和soas(not)todo结构(soastodo不可以置于句首)。Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoasnottoforgetit.点津坊2表示结果Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.必背：不定式表示结果常见于下列句型1)so...astodoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?2)such...astodoWearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.3)enoughtodoHedidn'trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain.4)onlytodoHeliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.5)too...todoHiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.Practise1.Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustothetown.Hegotupearly_______________catchthefirstbustothetown.2.WemustworkhardatEnglishinorderthatwecancontactforeignersfreely.WemustworkhardatEnglish______________contactforeignersfreely.3.Hewassofrightenedthathecouldhardlysayanything.Hewas______frightened_______sayanything.Hewas______brave____________sayanything.4.______(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.5.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____(find)thetrainleft.“be+不定式”结构可以表示将来发生的动作，常有以下两种情况：1.表示命令和指示Theroomistobelocked.2.表示计划或安排Wearetobegintheworknextmonth.比较betodo表示计划和安排将要发生的动作。Anothernewrailwayistobebuiltinmyhometownnextyear.beabouttodo表示最近即将要发生的动作。不能和具体的时间状语连用。Themanagerwasabouttoleavewhenhissecretarycalledhimback.7.be+不定式结构with/without+名词+不定式“结构在句子中通常起状语的作用。Withsomuchworktodo,Ishallnotbeabletogotothecinemawithyou.Withhimtostayinthehouse,Ifeelquitesafe.Withoutanythingtoeat,hediedofhunger.8.with/without+名词+不定式结构Ihopetohavemethimattherailwaystation,buthedidn'tturnup.Wewouldlovetohavegonetothematch,buttheticketswereallsoldout.Theplanewastohavetakenoffat9:00,butsomethingwentwrong.9.表示虚拟语气的不定式完成式10.用作独立成分的不定式有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子,也可被称为插入语。Tobehonest,wearenotsuretofindthegirlintheforest.Heisveryhonest,tobeginwith.totellyouthetruth说老实话tobeginwith首先tosaynothingof姑且不说sotospeak可以这么说tobesure诚然，固然tobeexact精确地说todohimjustice说句对他公道的话tomakealongstoryshort长话短说tobefrank坦率地说tobebrief简言之toconclude总而言之必背11.用主动式表示被动含义的不定式1.不定式做后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时。Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthisquestion?2.不定式作形容词的宾语，与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.3.Therebe结构中，当说话人考虑必须有人去完成某件事时。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.比较Shehastwoletterstotype.Shehastwoletterstobetyped.12.用于感叹句不定式可用于感叹句，含有惊异、不满、惋惜或赞美等感情色彩。Tothinkthatheshoulddothis!(表示惊讶)Oh,God,toseeherdance!(表示赞美)Tothinkthatallthemoneyhasbeenwasted.(表示不满)13.不带to的不定式1.在口语中，动词原形come和go后可接不带to的不定式。Gotellher.Comehaveaglass.2.在why引起的一些问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。Whymakesomuchnoise?Whynotjoinus?3.在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldrather...than,wouldsooner,wouldsooner...than,cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut等结构后直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。You'dbetterlistentoyourteacher'sopinion.Wehadbestcal