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1银行英语阅读理解汇总Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies.Televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果关系).SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:“Atthistime,wellover1,000studies…pointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.”Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededout“themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression”,only28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread‘aggressive’or‘non-aggressive’wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.Anotherappropriatesterwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.21.Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies,TVandvideogames?A)Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.B)Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday’ssociety.C)Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.D)Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.22.Whatistheskeptics(Line3.Para.3)viewofmediaviolence?A)Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.B)Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.C)Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.D)Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.23.Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1.Para.5)torefertothosewho______.A)usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolenceB)initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonreality2C)assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehaviorD)useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior24.Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging____.A)thesourceandamountoftheirdataB)thetargetsoftheirobservationC)theirsystemofmeasurementD)theirdefinitionofviolence25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?A)Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.B)Itshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettled.C)Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.D)Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.PassageTwoYou’reintroubleifyouhavetobuyyourownbrand-nameprescriptiondrugs.Overthepastdecade,pricesleapedbymorethandoubletheinflationrate.Treatmentsforchronicconditionscaneasilytop＄2,000amonth-nowonderthatoneinfourAmericanscan’saffordtofilltheirprescriptions.Thesolution?Aheartychorusof“OCanada.”Northoftheborder,wherepricecontrolsreign,thosesamebrand-namedrugscost50%to80%less.TheCanadianoptionisfastbecomingapoliticalwake-upcall,“Ifourneighborscanbuydrugsatreasonableprices,whycan’twe?”Eventowhisperthatthoughtprovokesanger.“Un-American!”And-thepropagandists’trumpcard(王牌)—“Wreckourbrillianthealth-caresystem.”Super-sizedrugprices,theyclaim,fundtheresearchthatsparksthenextgenerationofwonderdrugs.Nosky-highdrugpricetoday,nocureforcancertomorrow.Soshutupandpayup.Commonsensetellsyouthat’safalsealternative.Therewardforfinding.Say,acancercureissohugethatnoone’sgoingtohangitup.Nevertheless,ifCanada-levelpricingcametotheUnitedStates,theindustry’sprofitmarginswoulddropandthepaceofnew-drugdevelopmentwouldslow.HereliestheAmericandilemma.Whoisallthissplendidmedicinefor?Shouldourhealth-caresystemcontinueitsdrivetowardthebestofthebest,eventhoughrisingnumbersofpatientscan’taffordit?Orshouldwedirectourwealthtowardlettingeveryoneinontoday’slevelofcare?Measuredbysavedlives,thelatterisalmostcertainlythebettercourse.Todefendtheirprofi