安岳县2014-2015学年八年级上期末教学质量数学试题含答案

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安岳县2014—2015学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测义务教育八年级数学试卷(本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至2页,第Ⅱ卷3至8页,全卷满分120分,考试时间120分钟。)题号ⅠⅡ总分总分人一二三171819202122232425得分第Ⅰ卷(选择题共30分)一、选择题(本大题10个小题,每小题3分,共30分。请在每小题给出的4个选项中,将唯一正确的答案序号填在题后括号里。)1.下列各数中,无理数的个数有()-0.2020020002,2,12,π2,-4,23A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个2.下列说法正确的是()A.9的算术平方根是3B.0.16的平方根是0.4C.0没有立方根D.1的立方根是±13.下列真命题中,逆命题也是真命题的是()A.全等三角形的对应角都相等;B.如果两个实数相等,那么这两个实数的平方相等;C.5,12,13是勾股数;D.如果三角形的三边长a,b,c满足a2+b2=c2,那么这个三角形是直角三角形.4.已知a、b、c是△ABC的三边,a2-2ab+b2=0且2b2-2c2=0,那么△ABC的形状是()A.直角三角形B.等腰三角形C.等腰直角三角形D.等边三角形得分评卷人///////////密///////封///////线///////内///////不///////要///////答///////题///////////学校班级姓名考号5.下列运算中错误的是()新课标第一网A.3xy-(x2-2xy)=5xy-x2B.5x(2x2-y)=10x3-5xyC.5mn(2m+3n-1)=10m2n+15mn2-1D.[(a2b)2-1](a+b)=a5b2+a4b3-a-b6.如图1,AB=AC,CF⊥AB于F,BE⊥AC于E,CF与BE交于点D.有下列结论:①△ABE≌△ACF;②△BDF≌△CDE;③点D在∠BAC的平分线上;④点C在AB的中垂线上.以上结论正确的有()个.A.1B.2C.3D.47.若3x=4,9y=7,则3x-2y的值为()A.47B.74C.-3D.278.如图2是某商场销售雨伞的情况,从折线图中我们可以看到雨伞销售量最大的季度是()A.第一季度B.第二季度C.第三季度D.第四季度9.如图3,从边长为(a+1)cm的正方形纸片中剪去一个边长为(a-1)cm的正方形(a>1),剩余部分沿虚线又剪拼成一个矩形(不重叠无缝隙),则该矩形的面积是()A.2cm2B.2acm2C.4acm2D.(a2-1)cm210.如图4是油路管道的一部分,延伸外围的支路恰好构成一个直角三角形,两直角边分别为6m和8m.按照输油中心O到三条支路的距离相等来连接管道,则O到三条支路的管道总长是()(计算时视管道为线,中心O为点)A.2mB.3mC.6mD.9m季度数量601201802403003600四三二一图2O图4ABFCED图1a+1a-1图3第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共90分)二、填空题(本大题6个小题,每小题3分,共18分。请把答案直接填在题中的横线上。)11.比较大小:3223.(填>,<或=)12.某校八年级学生共有110名同学购买校服,校服大小分为一号、二号、三号三种,在调查收到的数据中,一、二号出现的频数分别为36、52,则三号出现的频率为.13.如图5,∠ACB=∠BDA,要使△ACB≌△BDA,请写出一个符合要求的条件.14.若x2-kxy+9y2是一个完全平方式,则k的值为.15.定义运算a★b=a(1-b),下面给出了关于这种运算的四个结论:①2★(-2)=6②a★b=b★a③若a+b=0,则(a★a)+(b★b)=2ab④若a★b=0,则a=0.其中正确结论的序号是(填上你认为正确的所有结论的序号).16.如图6所示的一块土地,经测量可知AD=12m,CD=9m,∠ADC=90°,AB=39m,BC=36m,根据测量得出的数据,则这块土地的面积为.三、解答题(本大题共9个小题,共72分)解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(本小题满分7分)计算:(1)(-2a-b)(2a-b)(2)2614+11082+62+38得分评卷人得分评卷人DCAB图5图6DCAB18.(本小题满分7分)把下列多项式分解因式:(1)4x2y2-4(2)a2-3b(2a-3b)19.(本小题满分8分)解答下列各题:(1)利用因式分解计算:20142-2015×2013(2)说明代数式[(x-y)2-(x+y)(x-y)]÷(-2y)+y的值与y无关.得分评卷人得分评卷人得分评卷人///////////密///////封///////线///////内///////不///////要///////答///////题///////////20.(本小题满分8分)已知x+y=-10,xy=16,求下列各式的值.(1)(x-y)2(2)(x+2)(y+2)21.(本小题满分8分)2013年的雅安地震牵动着全国人民的心.图7是根据我市某中学开展“一方有难,八方支援”自愿捐款活动学生捐款情况绘成的条形统计图,图8是该中学学生人数比例分布图,该校共有学生1450人.则:(1)九年级学生人数所占比例的扇形的圆心角度数是多少?(2)九年级学生共捐款多少元?(3)该校学生平均每人捐款多少元?得分评卷人///////////密///////封///////线///////内///////不///////要///////答///////题///////////九年级七年级八年级7.66.25.40图7年级人均捐款额(元)七年级图834%八年级38%九年级22.(本小题满分8分)如图9所示,在△ABC中,AB=AC,AD是高,AM是△ABC外角∠CAE的平分线.(1)用尺规作图方法,作∠ADC的平分线DN;(保留作图痕迹,不写作法和证明)(2)设DN与AM交于点F,判断△ADF的形状(只写结果)23.(本小题满分8分)已知:如图10,锐角△ABC的两条高BD、CE相交于点O,且OB=OC.(1)求证:△ABC是等腰三角形;(2)判断点O是否在∠BAC的角平分线上,并说明理由.得分评卷人得分评卷人EDBACM图9图1024.(本小题满分9分)勾股定理是解决直角三角形很重要的数学定理.这个定理的证明的方法很多,也能解决许多数学问题.请按要求作答:(1)选择下边图11或图12中任一个图形来验证勾股定理;(2)利用勾股定理来解决下列问题:如图13,圆柱形玻璃杯高为12cm,底面周长为16cm,在杯外离杯底3cm的点C处有一滴蜂蜜,此时一只蚂蚁正好在杯外壁且与蜂蜜C相对的点A处,点A离杯口3cm.则蚂蚁到达蜂蜜的最短距离为多少?得分评卷人蚂蚁AC蜂蜜图13bbababaacccc图11ccccbaabaabb图1225.(本小题满分9分)如图14,在等边△ABC中,线段AM为BC边上的中线.动点D在直线AM上时,以CD为一边在CD的下方作等边△CDE,连结BE.(1)填空:∠CAM=度;(2)若点D在线段AM上时,求证:△ADC≌△BEC;(3)当动点D在直线..AM上时,设直线BE与直线AM的交点为O,试判断∠AOB是否为定值?并说明理由..得分评卷人///////////密///////封///////线///////内///////不///////要///////答///////题///////////ABDECM(备用图1)ABC(备用图2)ABC图14安岳县2014—2015学年度第一学期期末教学质量监测义务教育八年级数学试卷答案一、选择题(共10小题,每小题3分)题号12345678910答案BADDCCABCC二、填空题(共6小题,每小题3分)11.>12.0.213.∠CAB=∠DBA或∠CBA=∠DAB14.±615.①③16.216m2三、解答题(共9小题)17.解:(1)原式=b2-4a2·····················································································3分(2)原式=4·······································································································7分18.解:(1)原式=4(x2y2-1)················································································1分=4(xy+1)(xy-1)············································································3分(1)原式=a2-6ab+9b2························································································4分=(a-3b)2······························································································7分19.解:(1)20142-2015×2013=20142-(2014+1)(2014-1)········································2分=20142-(20142-1)···················································3分=1···········································································4分(2)∵[(x-y)2-(x+y)(x-y)]÷(-2y)+y=[x2-2xy+y2-x2+y2]÷(-2y)+y······················5分=[-2xy+2y2]÷(-2y)+y·····························6分=x-y+y······················································7分=x∴原式的值与y无关·····························································································8分20.解:(1)(x-y)2=(x+y)2-4xy···············································································3分将x+y=-10,xy=16代入,原式=(-10)2-4×16=36·················································4分(2)(x+2)(y+2)=xy+2(x+y)+4················································································7分将x+y=-10,xy=16代入,原式=16-20+4=0·························································8分21.解:(1)扇形圆心角的度数为:(1-34%-38%)×360°=100.8°································2分(2)九年级的人数为:(1-34%-38%)×1450=406(人)········································4分再利用条形统计图得知,九年级平均每人捐款5.4元,所以九年级学生共捐款钱数为:40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