小专题(十四)因式分解类型1只提不套型1.分解因式:(1)3ab2+a2b;解:原式=ab(3b+a).(2)2a2-4a;解:原式=2a(a-2).(3)m(5-m)+2(m-5);解:原式=(m-2)(5-m).(4)5x(x-2y)3-20y(2y-x)3.解:原式=5(x-2y)3(x+4y).类型2只套不提型2.分解因式:(1)4x2-25;解:原式=(2x+5)(2x-5).(2)a2+4a+4;解:原式=(a+2)2.(3)(a+3)2-(a+b)2;解:原式=(2a+b+3)(3-b).(4)(x-1)2-6(x-1)+9;解:原式=(x-4)2.(5)(a+b)2-4(a+b)+4;解:原式=(a+b-2)2.(6)(x2+9)2-36x2;解:原式=[(x2+9)+6x][(x2+9)-6x]=(x2+6x+9)(x2-6x+9)=(x+3)2(x-3)2.(7)p2-2pq+q2-k2;解:原式=(p2-2pq+q2)-k2=(p-q)2-k2=(p-q+k)(p-q-k).(8)k2-4p2+12pq-9q2.解:原式=k2-(4p2-12pq+9q2)=k2-(2p-3q)2=(k+2p-3q)(k-2p+3q).类型3先提后套型3.分解因式:(1)x2y-9y;解:原式=y(x2-9)=y(x+3)(x-3).(2)ax3-axy2;解:原式=ax(x2-y2)=ax(x+y)(x-y).(3)3x3-6x2y+3xy2;解:原式=3x(x2-2xy+y2)=3x(x-y)2.(4)-4x3+8x2-4x;解:原式=-4x(x2-2x+1)=-4x(x-1)2.(5)-2x2+2x-12;解:原式=-12(4x2-4x+1)=-12(2x-1)2.(6)3m(2x-y)2-3mn2.解:原式=3m(2x-y+n)(2x-y-n).类型4先破后立型(根据实际情況选做)4.分解因式:(1)x(x-1)-3x+4;解:原式=(x-2)2.(2)(x+y)2-4(x+y-1);解:原式=(x+y-2)2.(3)(x-2y)2+8xy;解:原式=(x+2y)2.(4)(x+3)(x+5)+x2-25;解:原式=(x+3)(x+5)+(x+5)(x-5)=(x+5)(x+3+x-5)=(x+5)(2x-2)=2(x+5)(x-1).(5)(c+b)(c-b)-a(a-2b);解:原式=c2-b2-a2+2ab=c2-(a2-2ab+b2)=c2-(a-b)2=(c+a-b)(c-a+b).(6)x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)+1.解:原式=x(x+3)(x+1)(x+2)+1=(x2+3x)(x2+3x+2)+1=(x2+3x)2+2(x2+3x)+1=(x2+3x+1)2.