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名词性从句NounClauseI本章要点1.宾语从句2.主语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句II名词性从句语法点分述一、宾语从句1.引导宾语从句的连接词a.that引导(that可以省略)Iknow(that)mostmatterhasthreestates（状态）.♥Attention♥宾语从句中that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略1)当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.2)当it作形式宾语时当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，将真正的宾语从句移至句末。Shemadeitcleartoherparentsthatshewouldlearntodealwithvariousproblems.★小试身手★1)特朗普说得很清楚他想当总统。(make…clear)2)我们理所当然的认为父母应该爱我们一辈子。(take…forgranted)3)consider,we,it,should,that,with,importance,all,of,great,we,theory,combine,practice（连词成句）b.whether/if引导1)在whether……ornot的固定搭配中，不能用if。Idon’tknowwhetherhewillstudyabroadornot.2)在介词后，只能用whether和特殊疑问词，不能用if。Hisfatherisconcernedaboutwhetherhewillbekickedoutofschool.♥Attention♥结构公式：主语+consider/find/make/regard/think/+it+宾补+that+句子/todosth★小试身手★1)Iwonder________there’sanyneedtospendsomuchmoneyontheparty.2)Somepeoplebelieve________amonkeypersonissociable.3)Sheisworriedabout________shecangetpromoted.4)Teachertoldthestudents________thesun________(have)eightplanets.2.连接代词以及连接副词引导结构公式：a.连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what+陈述语序的句子Idon’tknowwho[whom]youaretalkingabout.b.连接副词：where/why/when/how/howmany等一切特殊疑问词+陈述语序的句子Idon’tknowwhyyouarelate.★小试身手★1)只有小孩子知道自己在找什么。2)ProfessorNelsonwantedtoknow______.A.whenwouldtheconferencebeginB.Whentheconferencewouldbeginif或whether引导的宾语从句时，虽具有疑问意义，但从句语序应用陈述句语序。在考试中如果确定句子意思表示“是否”，则一定选择用whether。C.whenwilltheconferencebeginD.whentheconferencewillbegin3)I’mnotsure______.A.whatistheassignmentoftomorrowB.whattheassignmentfortomorrowisC.whatwilltheassignmentfortomorrowbeD.whatwillbetheassignmentoftomorrow3.宾语从句连词总结连词说明例句that1.宾语从句用连词that,that没有意义仅起连接作用。that可以省略。Ihaveseriousreasontobelievethattheplanetistheasteroid（小行星）knownasB-612.who,whom,what,which2.连接代词who,whom,what,which，在宾语从句中做主要成分。Igaveupwhatmighthavebeenamagnificentcareerasapainter.how,when,where3.连接副词how,when,where在宾语从句中作次要成分。Idon’tknowwhereheis.if或whetherif或whether在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作“是否”讲。从句中有ornot结构时，要用whether。Idonotknowif(whether)hewillcome.4.宾语从句的语序宾语从句除个别情况外，全部使用陈述句语序。1.Idon'tknowwhat'sthematter.2.Idon'tknowwhat'swrong.3.Idon'tknowwhat'sontoday.4.Idon'tknowwhichisthewaytothecinema.★小试身手★1)Doyouknow__A___?A.whenthesportsmeetingwillbeginB.whenthesportsmeetingbeginsC.whenthesportsmeetingbeginD.whenwillbeginthesportsmeeting2)Willthissheephavetohaveagreatdealofgrass?Doyouthink…(连接成宾语从句)5.宾语从句的时态主句宾语从句现在时或将来时时态一般不受主句的时态影响过去时a.从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生；b.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前；c.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后★小试身手★1)Idon’tknowifweeachhaveadestiny,orifwe’realljustfloatingaroundaccidentally,likeonabreeze.2)Thescientisttoldthestudentthatthesun____________round.(be)3)Ibelievethatthefriendshipbetweenus_______forever.(last)4)Iknewthatourteam_____________(win)thecompetition.5)KateknowswhatJohn_____now.A.doesB.willdoC.hasdoneD.isdoing6.宾语从句否定转移主句主语人称否定前移例句反义疑问句第一人称YesIdon’tthinktheweatherwillbebettertomorrow,willit?Idon’tbelievehecanfinishthetaskinanhour,canhe?问从句第二，第三人称NoShethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didn’tshe?Youthinkyoucan'tgetupearly,don’tyou?问主句★小试身手★1)Wehavetofinishtheworknow.（反义疑问？______________）2)Younevertolduswhyyouwerelateforthemeeting.（反义疑问？_____________）3)Nacy,sweeptheclassroom,______？A.don’tyouB.doyouC.willyouD.doesn’tshe4)--Hedidn’tgotothelecturethismorning,didhe?--______.Toughhewasnotfeelingverywell.A.No,hedidn’tB.Yes,hedidC.No,hedidD.Yes,hedidn’t7.宾语从句和动词不定式转换类似Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.whattodowith;howtodealwith固定词组用法。Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththismessysituation.=Idon’tknowwhattodowiththismessysituation.★小试身手★宾语从句和不定式转换练习：1)Ibelievethatheisanhonestman.(保持原句意思)Ibelieve_____to_____anhonestman.2)Heexpectedtobeforgiven.(保持原句意思)Heexpectedthathe__________forgiven.3)Heisn’tintheofficenow,Ithink.(保持原句意思)I__________he_____intheoffice.4)Hewillpasstheexam.Wethinkitpossible.(合并为一句)Wethink__________hewillpasstheexam.二、主语从句1.主语从句的引导词a.that引导Thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawifeisatruthuniversallyacknowledged.(用it改写)♥Attention♥that引导的主语从句出现在句首时，that不可省略。b.whether引导Whetherchewinggumhelpspreventtoothdecayisunknowntome.(用it改写)♥Attention♥用whether引导主语从句，而不用if。c.连接代词引导所有值得做的事情都值得做好。主语从句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词引导。♥Attention♥连接代词引导，不能用it改写Whoeverleaveslastturnsoffthelight.d.连接副词引导doesn’tmatter.wasamystery.♥Attention♥谓语动词一律用第三人称单数e.what引导(相当于中文的“的字结构”)，主谓一致问题“看后”Whatwehaveisknowledge,butwhatweneedarechances.★小试身手★1)沙漠之所以美丽，是因为在它的某个角落隐藏着一口井。2.主语从句与形式主语it常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构：结构具体情况中文1.Itis+n./adj.+thatItisapity/shamethat...Itisasurprisethat…Itisafactthat…Itiscommonknowledgethat…It’scertainthat…Itispossible/likelythat...Itisobvious/clearthat…Itistruethat…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…可惜的是……令人吃惊的是…事实是……是常识肯定…很可能……很明显…的确…2.It+不及物动词+thatIthappenedthat...Itoccurredtomethat…Itappears/seemsthat…Itturnedoutthat…碰巧……我突然想起…似乎，好像…原来…3.It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...Itisknowntoallthat...Itisreportedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itissuggestedthat+(should)do...据说……众所周知……据报道……据相信…；人们相信…建议……★小试身手★1)纸