2021卫生B阅读理解2

2021卫生B阅读理解2卫生B-2*第二十四篇SleepLetsBrainFileMemories睡眠促使记忆归档存储wavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocessessensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivityfromtheneocortex)werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody'stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage.Convitsays.Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition.Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsincheck受控制,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.词汇：perchance[p?'t?ɑ:ns]adv.偶然；可能online['?nlain]n.在线的stow[st?u]vt.贮藏，堆装emanate['em?neit]vi.发源somatosensory[,s?um?t?'sens?ri]adj.体觉的neocortex[,ni:?u'k?:teks]n.新（大脑）皮质oscillation[,?si'lei??n]n.振荡intertwine[,int?'twain]v.缠绕spindle['spindl]n.纺锤体ripple['ripl]n.波动，脉动diabetes[,dai?'bi:ti:z]n.糖尿病recollection[,rek?'lek??n]n.回忆shrinkage['?ri?kid?]n.收缩impairment[im'p??m?nt]n.损伤intrigue[in'tri:ɡ]n.引起。。。兴趣（或好奇心）cognition[k?ɡ'ni??n]n.认识注释：1.filememories：归档并储存记忆。file：意为toputorkeep(papers,etc.)inusefulorderforstorageorreference（把…归档）。2.Tosleep.Perchancetofile?：从莎士比亚笔下哈姆雷特的独白中的名句Tosleep:perchancetodream.改编而来。3.theProceedings:(科学文献、会议文献)汇编，常用复数形式。4.zzz：（拟声词）打鼾声5.RutgersUniversity：美国新泽西州立大学(theStateUniversityofNewJersey)。6.emanatingfrom：发源于。7.neocortex：新(大脑)皮质，尤指大的高等哺乳动物大脑中新生长的部分，也叫做neopallium。neo-：前縀，意思是新的。8.thehippocampus：大脑侧面脑室壁上的隆起物，也称海马状突起，在泛记过程中起主要作用。9.tensofmilliseconds：几十毫秒10.age-associatedmemorydecline：与年龄相关的记忆衰退11.administer：实施12.thisimpairment：指上句中hippocampusshrinkage.13.memorydeficits：记忆衰退14.…theintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition：令人兴奋的可能性，即不断改善葡萄糖容许量可以完全改变对某些与年龄相关的认知问题。15.keepglucoselevelsincheck：限制葡萄糖水平。incheck：在控制中，被阻止。练习：1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentenceTosleep.Perchancetofile??ADoesbrainarrange安排memoriesinuseful有用的order顺序duringsleep?BDoesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?CDoesbrainrememberfilesafteronefallsasleep?DDoesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?2.WhatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutatRutgersUniversity?ATheelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex.BOscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.CSomatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemoryconsolidation.DSomatosensoryneocortexplaysitprimaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.3.Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedbyaresearchmentionedinparagraph4?APeoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.BPeoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.CMemorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.DThepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosetolerance.4.Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?AThereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.BThemorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone'smemory.CThemorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone'smemory.DThelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone'smemory.5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoingtothegym?ATopreventhippocampusshrinkage.BTocontrolweight.答案与解释:1.A文章第一段告诉我们，科学新发现进一步支持了一种理论，即，当人体进入睡眠状态时，大脑对在白天形成的记忆进行组织和储存。Tosleep.Perchancetofile?见注释1和注释2。2.C第二段告诉我们，科学家分析了老鼠的脑电波，尤其是从somatosensoryneocortex和hippocampus两个区域发出的脑电波。该段是后两句指出，这两个大脑区域的活动是互相作用的。第二段并没有说somatosensoryneocortex或hippocampus起主导作用。3.D该段倒数第二句提供了答案。4.B第四段的后一句中theirbrainscans，指上句中的subjects5.D锻炼身体和体重控制能保持葡萄糖水平，闲此，去健身房就有了另外一个理由。第二十四篇睡眠促使记忆归档存储睡觉，说不定就是在整理归类记忆？刊登在最近网上出版的国家科学院文献汇编上的新发现进一步证明了这个理论：当人体的其他部分在鼾声中安眠时，人体大脑就在整理和储存着白天形成的记忆。类国新泽西州立大学的乔治?Buzsaki和他的同事们分析了睡眠中的老鼠和田鼠的脑电波。他们特别研究了发源于学习记忆中心——大脑知觉新皮层（处理知觉信息的区域）和海马状的电流活动。科学家们发现，这两个区域的脑电波变化仿佛处于交织状态。而数十毫秒后海马状突起发出的波动将紧跟茬所谓的睡眠纺锤体（新皮层上的种种活动）。这对科学家们假设这两个大脑区域的互动是理解增强记忆的关键。接下来的研究，同样也是刊登在这周网上出版的国家科学院文献汇编中，是关于与年龄相关的由于葡萄糖浓度过高引起的记忆衰退。之前的一项研究表明，患糖尿病的人一直受到记忆衰退的困扰。纽约大学医学院的安东尼?康威特及其同琪在一项新的工程中研究了30个平均年龄69岁的人，以调查是否血糖浓度，随着年龄增长而増长，同样会影响健康人的记忆。科学家们实施了回忆测试、脑部扫描和葡萄糖耐S测试，以便测狱出人体组织从血液中吸收糖分的速度。这组科学家发现，与最次的记忆相对的，是最低的葡萄糖耐?：。此外，他们的脑部扫描也显示出海马状突起的缩小要比那些更容易从血液中吸收糖分的人明显。“我们的研究表明，这种海马状突起的缩小对随着人类年龄增大而出现的记