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研究生英语阅读综合教程上ReadingMore翻译Unit1WhyDoWeWork?Lawyerspracticeadifficultanddemandingprofession.Theyexpecttobewellcompensated.Inthinkingaboutwhatthatmeans,itcanhelptoconsiderthebasicquestion,“Whydowework?”SamuelJohnsonsuppliedanobviousanswerwhenhefamouslyobserved,“Nomanbutablockheadeverwrote，exceptformoney.”ButIamnotbeingpaidtowritethisarticle,andinsteadoflabelingmyselfablockhead,letmerefertotheinsightofeminentpsychologistTheodorReik:Workandlove—thesearethebasics.Withoutthemthereisneurosis.律师们从事的是一项要求很高又费神的职业。他们期待优厚的报酬。在思考这句话的含义时，考虑一下这个基本问题会对我们有所帮助：“我们为什么工作？”塞缪尔·约翰逊在他的著名论断“除了笨蛋没有人会写作，除非为了钱。”中显然给出了答案。但我写这篇文章时并没有人付我钱。，而且我非但不会把自己当作傻瓜，还想引用一下著名的心理学家西奥多·赖克的深刻见解：“工作和爱——这是基本需求。没有这两样，人就会得神经官能症。”Whydowework?Formoney,butalsoforsanity.Weexpectandneedtobecompensatedinnonmonetaryways.Noneconomiccompensationmatterstotop-flightlawyers—otherwise,theywouldhavelongagofledtoinvestmentbanks.Lawfirmsthatwanttorecruitandretainthebest(andthesanest)mustcompensatenotonlyindollarsbutalsoinpsychicgratification.Accordingly,managersofelitefirmsneedtothinkconsciouslyaboutwhatlawyersarelookingforbeyondmoney.Herearesomekeynoneconomicelementsofcompensation.我们为什么工作？为钱，也为有明智的头脑。我们期待并且需要以非货币的方式获得回报，非经济报酬对一流的律师们来说很重要——要不然，他们早就跑到投资银行去了。律师事务所如果要招募并挽留住最好的（也是最有头脑的）律师的话，就必须不仅仅以美元的方式，而且还要以精神满足的方式支付报酬。相应地，一流律师事务所的经理们需要认真地考虑，除了钱律师们还在寻找什么。以下是非经济报酬的一些关键因素。Professionalidentity职业认同感Manylawyersdefinethemselveswithreferencetotheprivilegesandattributesoftheirprofession.Whenfirmsrecognizeprofessionalprerogatives,theyprovideanimportantformofcompensation.许多律师从行业的特权和性质来诠释他们自己。当律师事务所认可了他们的职业特权时，便提供了一种重要的补偿方式。Forexample,Lawyerspridethemselvesonbelongingtoalearnedprofession.Byprovidingopportunitiesforcontinuedintellectualgrowth,lawfirmscansimultaneouslyprovideaformofcompensationandreinforceacorevalueoftheprofession.Thisisn’thardtodo.Organizeandhostseminarswithleadingscholars,supportscholarshipin-housewithresourcessuchasresearchassistanceandcreatevenuesforlawyerstoengageinseriousdiscourse.例如，律师们以属于一个学识渊博的行业而引以为豪。通过提供进一步增长知识的机会，律师事务所能够在提供一种回报方式的同时加强行业的核心价值。做到这一点并不难，组织并主办由最好的学者主讲的研讨班，利用诸如研究援助等资源提供内部奖学金，并为律师们提供进行严肃讨论的场所。Anothercoreprofessionalvalueisautonomy.Alawfirmpayspsychiccompensationwhenitunderstandsandacceptsthatinmattersofprofessionaljudgment,lawyersaretheirownmasters.Inthisregard,firmsshouldencourageadiversityofapproaches,lettingeachlawyerdevelophisorherownstyleofpractice.Empoweringlawyersinthiswayinculcatesaheightenedsenseofpersonalresponsibility,whichinturnreinforcesthedriveforindividualexcellence.另一个核心行业价值是自主性。当一个律师事务所理解并接受了在职业性判断这样的事情上律师们是自己的主人，它就是在支付精神报酬。从这个意义上说，律师事务所应该鼓励以多样化的方式让每位律师形成自己的行事风格。以此种方式授权律师既强调了一种高度的个人责任感，又反过来加强了个人追求卓越的驱动力。Equallyimportanttoprofessionalautonomyisthatfirmsneedtotakecarenottoimpingeonalawyer'sexerciseofconsideredprofessionaljudgment,evenwhenthatmeansrefusingaclient.Lawyersarenottheservantsoftheirclients.Inappropriatecircumstances,tellingtheclient“No”isanactofthehighestprofessionalism.Alawyeriswell-paidwiththeconfidencethatthefirmwillstandbehindhimorherinsuchcircumstances.与职业自主性同样重要的是，律师事务所需要注意不要干涉律师运用他们经过深思熟虑的职业判断，即便那意味着拒绝客户。律师不是客户的仆从，在适当的条件下，对客户说“不”是一种体现最高职业素养的行为。在这种情况下，当一名律师深信律师事务所会在背后支持他，他便获得了丰厚的报酬。Lastly,professionalstatusencompassesadherencetoethicalstandards.Mostlawyersfindself-worthinsettinganexample—bothwithintheprofessionandwithinthelargersociety—asethicalactors.Whenmanagementaffirmsthespecialrespectduetolawyerswhoactwiththeutmostintegrityandcivilityinalloftheirprofessionaldealings,itprovidesyetanotherformofcompensation.最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。Personalpride个人自豪感Fewofusmakeitthroughtherigorsofalegaleducationwithouthavingadeeplyinternalizedsenseofexcellenceforitsownsake.Lawyerscompensatethemselveswiththepowerfulself-affirmationofajobwelldone.很少有人会这样：在经历严格的法律教育之后，没有体验到纯粹的、深深融合进自己性格的追求卓越的精神。工作出色的律师们用强有力的自我肯定来犒赏自己。Asamatterofbothcompensationandreputation,anelitefirmcannotaffordtoimpedethedrivetoexcellence,evenwhenit’snotcosteffectiveintheshortterm,Thismeans,forexample,thatfirmmanagementshouldapplaudthewritingandrewritingofabrieftothehigheststandardevenwhenacynicalperspectivewouldsuggestthattheextraeffortwillhavenopracticaleffect.从报酬和声望的角度来说，一家顶级律师事务所承担不起阻挠追求卓越的动力所带来的后果，即使从短期来看这并不合算。这意味着，举个例子来说，律师事务所管理层应该称赞按照最高标准一再重写诉讼要点这样的行为，即使有处世悲观的人认为花额外的力气并不会带来实际的效益。Alwayscelebratesuperlativeworkproductevenwhenitseemsunlikelytomakeadifferenceintheoutcome.Insteadofkowtowingtoclientdemandsforsuperworkatacut-rateprice,deliverexcellenceandexpecttobepaidforit.要始终祝贺出色的工作成果.即便这些成果对事情的结局似乎不大可能产生影响。不要对客户们低价位高质量的工作要求百依百顺，要奉献优质的工作并期待相应的回报。Idealism理想主义Thinkbacktolawschool.Whorememberstalkingintothenightabouthowtoobtainthehighestprofitsperequitypartner?回想一下在法学院的情景吧。谁记得就如何使每位参股合伙人获得最高利润的话题谈论至深夜？Morememorablediscussionscoveredthingssuchastheadvancementofcivilrights,theprovisionoflegalservicestothepoor,thedevelopmentofamoreequitablesystemoftaxation,thepromulgationofinternationalnormsguaranteeingbasichumandignity.Lawyersthirstforjustice,andslakingthatthirstisanim