1-131-1Preindustrial)(Industrial)(Postindustrial).--40%195055%80%40%195012%5%70%ElsaC.Arnett200188%ProductionOperationsOperationsProductionOperations1-11-1()()()()()()4Time,TQuality,QCost,CService,STQCS(Lehigh)(Iacocca)212006()1.2.()()1-21-2//(Make-to-StockMTS)(Make-to-OrderMTO)(Assemble-to-OrderATO)1-31-3MTOMTSMTSMTOMTOMTSMTOMTSNonmanufacturing)1.2.3.41-21-2(1)(1)19(2)(3)1-31-31-41-42)(m)(KB)KBmKB1/m1-41-4mKBmKB1221010202040400.50.10.50.050.10.0250.050.025(m)()(KB)()mKB()1-2V1V2V1V20V1V2()1-41-49905111)(1)()(2)(3).2)(1)(2)(3)()(4)191500()()(VarietyReductionProgramVRP)VRPVRP()(Systemflexibility)()(Numericalcontrol,NC)(FlexibleManufacturingSystem,FMS)70FMSFMS50FMS(GroupTechnologyGT)()(Setuptime)GTFMSGTFMS80()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()T(1.1)n—ti—im—1.11-3n4t110t25t315t410T4(1051510)160.M1t1M2t2M3t3M4t4∑==miitTn10T1-3()M1t1M2t2M3t3M4t40T1-4T(1.2)tL1.1T1-4T(1051510)(41)1585()titi+1titi+1i(n1)ti+1(i1)(1-5)TttTLmiin)1(1−+=∑=),min()1(1111tttTjmjjmiinn+−==∑∑−−=(1.3)1.1T4(10+5+15+10)(4-1)(5+5+10)100M1t1M2t2M3t3M4t40T1-51-51-5PP=1(/)(1.4)P0n1-61-6(),1234567m5n4t110t24t38t412t56