济南市槐荫区2017.1北师大版七年级数学期末考试题(含答案)

2016～2017学年度第一学期槐荫区七年级数学调研测试题(2017.1)本试题分试卷和答题卡两部分．第1卷共2页，满分为48分；第1I卷共4页，满分为102分．本试题共6页，满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟，第1卷（选择题共48分）一、选择题（本大题共12个小题，每小题4分，共48分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1．甲、乙、丙三地的海拔高度分别为20m，－15m，－10m，那么最高的地方比最低的地方高A．5mB．10mC．25mD．35m2．下列说法错误的是A．－2的相反数是2B．3的倒数13C．（一3）一（一5）＝2D．－11，0，4这三个数中最小的数是03．在我国南海某海域探明可燃冰储量约有194亿立方米．194亿用科学圮数法表示为A．1.94×l010B．0.194×1010C．19.4×l09D．1.94×1094．如图是一个长方体包装盒，它的平面展开图是5．下列运算中，正确的是A．3a＋2b＝5abB．2a3＋3a2＝5a5C．5a2―4a2＝1D．3a2b―3ba2＝06．在下列调查中，适宜采用普查的是A．了解我省中学生的视力情况B．了解九(1)班学生校服的尺码情况C．检测一批电灯泡的使用寿命D．调查某电视台《全民新闻》栏目的收视率7．12点15分，钟表上时针与分针所夹角的度数为A．90°B．67.5°C．82.5°D．60°8．从一个n边形的一个顶点出发，分别连接该顶点与其它不相邻的各顶点，把这个多边形分成6个三角形，则n的值是A．6B．7C．8D．99．若方程2x＝8和方程ax＋2x＝4的解相同，则a的值为A．1B．－1C．士1D．010．有理数a、b在数轴上的位置如图所示，则化简|a－b|十a的结果为A．6B．－bC．－2a－bD．2a－b10题图11．甲队有工人96人，乙队有工人72人，如果要求乙队的人数是甲队人数的13，应从乙队调多少人去甲队？如果设应从乙队调x人到甲队，列出的方程正确的是A．96＋x＝13(72一x）B．13(96＋x)＝72一xC．13(96－x)＝72－xD．13×96＋x＝72一x12．已知整数a1，a2，a3，a4……满足下列条件：a1＝0，a2＝－|a1＋１|a3＝－|a2＋2|，a4＝－|a3＋3|……依次类推，则a2017的值为A．－1009B．－1008C．－2017D．－2016第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共102分）二、填空题（本大题共6个小题．每小题4分，共24分．把答案填在答题卡的横线上．）13．如图，从A到B有多条道路，人们通常会走中间的直路，而不走其他的路，这其中的道理是_________________．14．已知代数式6x－12与4＋2x的值互为相反数，那么x的值等于_________15．若(1―m)2＋|n＋2|＝0，则m＋n的值为______________16．如果单项式5am＋1bn＋5与a2m＋1b2n＋3是同类项，则m＝_________，n＝___________17．34．37°＝34°____′_____″．18．平面上任意两点确定一条直线，任意三点最多可确定3条直线，若平面上任意n个点最多可确定28条直线，则n的值是________________________三、解答题（本大题共9个小题，共78分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤．）19．（本小题满分6分）计算：(1)－8×2－(－10)(2)一9÷3一(12一23)×12—3220．（本小题满分6分）己知：四点A、B、C、D的位置如图所示，根据下列语句，画出图形．(1)画直线AD、直线BC相交于点O;(2)画射线AB．21．（本小题满分6分）(1)化简：3x2－5x一6－7x2－6x＋15(2)先化简，再求值：－2x2－2[3y2－2(x2－y2)＋6]，其中x＝－1，y＝－2．22．（本小题满分8分）解下列方程：(1)4－x＝7x＋6(2)2x－13－x＋14＝423．（本小题满分8分）(1)如图1，线段AC＝6cm，线段BC＝15cm，点M是AC的中点，在CB上取一点N，使得CN：NB＝1：2，求MN的长．(2)如图2，∠BOE＝2∠AOE，OF平分∠AOB，∠EOF＝20°．求∠AOB．24．（本小题满分14分）列方程解应用题(1)在“十一”期间，小明等同学随家长共15人到游乐园游玩，成人门票每张50元，学生门票是6折优惠．他们购票共花了650元，求一共去了几个家长、几个学生？(2)甲、乙两人骑自行车同时从相距65千米的两地出发相向而行，甲的速度是每小时17.5千米，乙的速度是每小时15千米，求经过几小时甲、乙两人相距32.5千米？25．（本小题满分8分）某商场今年1～5月每个月的销售总额如图甲，商场服装部每个月销售额占商场当月销售总额的百分比如图乙．(1)来自商场财务部的数据报告表明，商场1～5月的商品销售总额一共是410万元，请你根据这一信息将图甲中的统计图补充完整；(2)商场服装部5月份的销售额是多少万元？(3)小刚观察图乙后认为，5月份商场服装部的销售额比4月份减少了，你同意他的看法吗？请说明理由．26．(本小题满分10分)请根据图中提供的信息，回答下列问题：(1)－个水瓶与一个水杯分别是多少元？(2)甲、乙两家商场都销售该水瓶和水杯，为了迎接新年，两家商场都在搞促销活动，甲商场规定：这两种商品都打八折；乙商场规定：买一个水瓶赠送两个水杯，单独购买的水杯按原价销售．若某单位想在一家商场买5个水瓶和20个水杯，请问选择哪家商场更合算？请说明理由，27．(本小题满分12分)如图，数轴上点A表示的数为8，B是数轴上一点，且AB＝14，动点P从点A出发，以每秒5个单位长度的速度沿数轴向左匀速运动，设运动时间为t(t＞0)秒．(l)点B表示的数为______，点P表示的数为_______（用含t的式子表示）；(2)动点H从点B出发，以每秒3个单位长度的速度沿数轴向左匀速运动，若点P,H同时出发，问点P运动多少秒时追上点H?七年级数学试题参考答案与评分标准一、选择题二、填空13．两点之间，线段最短14．115．－116．0，217．22，1218．8三、解答题19．解：(1)－8×2－(－10)=－16+10··························································································1分=－6································································································2分(2)－9÷3－(12－23)×12－32;=－3－（6－8）－9······································································3分=－3－（－2）－9········································································4分=－3+2－9····················································································5分=－10··························································································6分20．(1)画图正确·················································································2分结论································································································3分(2)画图正确·······················································································5分结论································································································6分21．解：(1)3x2－5x–6－7x2－6x+15=（3－7）x2+（－5－6）x+（－6+15）········································1分=－4x2－11x+9······································································2分(2)－2x2－2[3y2－2(x2－y2)＋6]=－2x2－2[3y2－2x2+2y2＋6]························································3分=－2x2－6y2+4x2－4y2－12···························································4分题号123456789101112答案DDAADBCCBABB=2x2－10y2－12·········································································5分当x＝－1，y＝－2时原式=2×（－1）2－10×（－2）2－12=2×1－10×4－12=2－40－12=－50·························································································6分22．解：(1)4－x＝7x+6－x－7x=6－4········································································1分－8x=2··············································································2分x=14···········································································3分(2)211434xx4(2x－1)－3(x+1)=48································································4分8x－4－3x－3=48································································5分8x－3x=48+4+3·························································6分5x=55·································································7分x=11································································8分23(1)解：∵M是AC的中点，AC＝6，∴MC＝12AC＝6×12＝3，·······································································1分又因为CN∶NB＝1∶2，BC＝15，∴CN＝15×13＝5，··························