如何写好中英文摘要与文章

如何写好中英文摘要与文章如何写好中英文摘要1.文摘应包含正文的要点。一般来说，文摘应包含研究对象(目的)，研究方法(所用的设备、材料)，结果与结论。2.文摘要尽量简短，尽可能删掉课题研究的背景信息。3.文摘中出现的数据应该是最重要、最关键的数据。4.不需要自己标榜自己的研究成果。5.二次文献信息应脱离原文而独立存在，因此文摘中不能出现图表参数。6.文摘中的内容应在正文中出现，文摘不能对原文进行补充和修改。7.文摘中的缩写名称在第一次出现时要有全称。8.文摘句子应尽量简短。———摘自“2021年中国地区美国工程信息公司数据库工作会议资料”文章题目的写法举例：Mechanicalpropertiesofsisalfiberreinforcedhighdensitypolyethylenecomposites:Effectoffibercontent,interfacialcompatibilization,andmanufacturingprocessCompositesScienceandTechnology61(2021)2519–2529ThermalanddynamicmechanicalanalysisofpolystyrenecompositesreinforcedwithshortsisalfibresIntroduction最后一段的写法举例：请大家把这段存起来，这是很经典的一个Introduction最后一段的写法，可以很好的借鉴Therearemanyreportedworkontheeffectofsurfacetreatmentandhybridisationonthemechanicalpropertiesofnaturalfibrereinforcedpolymercomposites[15–20].However,veryfewreportsontheeffectofsurfacetreatmentandhybridisationonthethermaldegradationandsurfacecharacteristicsofthesecompositesarereported.Furthermore,therearehardlyanyreportedworksonthesurfaceenergycharacteristicsofbastfibre(hemp,flaxandjute)composites.TheaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatehowthethermaldecompositionofhempfibrecompositeswithandwithoutNaOHtreatmentandhybridisationoccurs.Thestudyfurtheraimedatinvestigatingsurfaceenergycharacteristicsofhemp/UPcompositesandeffectsoffibretreatmentandglassfibrehybridisationonthewettingbehaviour.Forthispurpose,fourdifferenttypesofsamples;namelyunreinforcedUP,hemp/UP,surfacetreatedhemp/UPandhemp/glass/UPwerepreparedusingcompressionmouldingtechnique.在我们修改的几千篇文章中，我们发现许多作者在英文摘要的写作上存在一些不足。经过和编辑们的探讨，我们总结了一些纲要和需要注意的细节点，在这里分享给大家：AbstractsTypically,aninformativeabstractanswersthesequestionsin100-250words:oWhydidyoudothisstudyorproject?为什么从事这项研究，这项研究的目的是什么。我们发现许多作者会跳过这个环节。然而很多读者往往就在这个环节决定了是否继续往下阅读这篇文章。oWhatdidyoudoandhow?简单，清晰，概括性的描述方法和理论，但不要过多的罗列细节。oWhatdidyoufind?描述最重要的发现keyfindings.oWhatdoyourfindingsmean?Ifyourpaperisaboutanewmethodorapparatus,thelasttwoquestionsmightbechangedto:oWhataretheadvantages(ofthemethodorapparatus)?oHowwelldoesitwork?Somepointstokeepinmindwhilewritingabstracts:oWhiledraftingyourabstract:lookoveryoursubjecttoseewhatdisciplinaryassumptionsarechallenged;questionthesignificanceofyourideas;emphasizetheimportantresultsandaddresslimitationsinarealisticmanner.oAnabstractwillnearlyalwaysbereadalongwiththetitle,sodonotrepeatorrephraseyourtitle.Itwilllikelybereadwithouttherestofthedocument,however,somakeitcompleteenoughtostandonitsown.oYourreadersexpectyoutosummarizeyourconclusionsinanabstract,aswellasyourpurposes,methodsandmainfindings.Emphasizethedifferentpointsofyourstudyinproportiontotheemphasistheyreceiveinthebodyofthedocument.oDONOTreferintheabstracttoinformationthatisnotinthedocument.Thisisveryimportantandisalittleliketruthinadvertising.Youdonotwanttogiveyourreadertheimpressionthatyourstudycoversinformationitdoesnotactuallycontain.摘要不能提及文章中没有提到的内容。oAvoidusingthefirstpersonIorwe.Inaddition,wheneverpossible,chooseactiveverbsinsteadofpassiveones(ex:usethestudytestedinsteadofitwastestedbythestudyorItestedinthestudy).尽量使用主动态的动词而非被动态。倾向于过多的使用被动态是大部分中国作者的特有习惯，而事实上这是一个理解误区。oAvoid,ifpossible,usingtradenames,acronyms,abbreviationsorsymbolsinyourabstract.Youwouldhavetoexplainthesenameswhichwouldtakeupvaluableroom/words.摘要中尽量避免简写，如果必须使用，就尽可能将全名先写出来。oUsenon-evaluativelanguageinyourabstract;reportinsteadofcommentuponyourfindings.客观的陈述事实，但是避免评价自己的贡献。oUsekeywordsfromthedocumenttohelpindexersmoreaccuratelyindexyourdocumentforfutureresearch.oEaseyourreaders/audienceintoyourtopic.Or,inotherwords,besensitivetotheneedsandknowledgeofyouraudience.Whatmightseemperfectlyobvioustoyouafterworkingonalongerwritingorresearchprojectwilloftenbebrand-newtoyouraudience.Assumethereviewersknownothing.Explainyourconceptualframework,methodology,anddata.Defineyourterms.Clarifytheidea.摘要面向的读者并非都来自于您的研究领域，一篇好的摘要需要简明易懂。我们常见很多摘要罗列了过多的技术细节和结果，不仅容易给人不好的第一印象，并且会吓退潜在读者。一篇好的摘要面向的读者群体应该是非常广泛的。一个好的习惯是，用一两句简单的话来陈述一下研究背景，并且告诉读者为什么要从事本项研究。oDon'tprocrastinate!Itisbesttowritetheabstractimmediatelyafteryoufinishyourprojectwhiletheideasarestillfreshinyourmind.oHelpfulhint:Somewritinginstructorsandexperiencedwriterssuggestwritinganabstractforallofyourwritingprojectssinceitmakesyoufocusonwhatisimportantinyourpaper/project.Italsoprovidesapowerfulwayofreevaluatingyourlogicandindefiningyourpurpose.Anabstractcanbeextremelyhelpfulinyourwritingprocessifyouarestuckorblocked.Remember,awellwrittenabstractoftencanensurewidepublicationsincemanycomputerizeddatabasesandprintedindexesreprintabstractssoscholarscankeepupwitheachother'swork,andassociationsandcorporationsoftenpublishabstractsingivenfieldsandmailthemtoappropriateresearchersandscholars,etc.Thus,ifyouwanttoensurethatyourworkhasanimpactonyourfield,youshouldworkashardaspossibleinpresentingapreciseandengagingabstract.Aconferenceabstractisanabstractthatyousubmitforconsiderationtopresentapaperataprofessionalconference.Itisusuallymuchlongerthanasummaryabstractandfunctionsindependentlyfromthepaperitisbasedon(sincetheconferencereviewcommitteewillseeitandnotyouractualpaper).Thus,yourprimaryaudiencefortheconfe