DLT 432-2007 电力用油中颗粒污染度测量方法

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DL/T432—2007ICS27.100E34备案号:21227-2007中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL/T432—2007代替DL/T432—1992电力用油中颗粒污染度测量方法Determinationofparticulatecontaminationinoil2007-07-20发布2007-12-01实施中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会发布I—2007第一章、目次前言····················································································································································Ⅱ1范围···············································································································································12规范性引用文件·····························································································································13实验室环境要求·····························································································································14仪器及材料·····································································································································15清洁液的制备及要求······················································································································26取样瓶的准备·································································································································27取样···············································································································································28测试方法········································································································································3附录A(资料性附录)NAS1638颗粒污染度分级标准·····································································6附录B(资料性附录)检验报告········································································································7IIDL/T432—2007III前言本标准是根据《国家发展改革委办公厅关于下达2003年行业标准项目补充计划的通知》(发改办工业[2003]873号),对SD313—1989《油中颗粒数及尺寸分布测量方法(自动颗粒计数仪法)》和DL/T432—1992《油中颗粒污染度测量方法(显微镜对比法)》进行的修订。本标准主要修订内容为:——将SD313—1989和DL/T432—1992两个标准合并为一个标准,增加了规范性引用文件;——对SD313—1989标准的方法原理、仪器校准及计算公式进行了修订;——对原SD313—1989标准中报告要求作了调整;——对原SD313—1989和DL/T432—1992标准的测量步骤作了修改和补充。本标准自实施之日起,同时代替SD313—1989和DL/T432—1992。本标准的附录A、附录B为资料性附录。本标准由中国电力企业联合会提出。本标准由电力行业电厂化学标准化技术委员会归口并解释。本标准由西安热工研究院有限公司负责起草。本标准主要起草人:李烨峰、尹萍、肖秀媛、冯丽萍。本标准在执行过程中的意见或建议反馈至中国电力企业联合会标准化中心(北京市白广路二条一号,100761)。—2007电力用油中颗粒污染度测量方法z1范围本标准规定了用自动颗粒计数仪和显微镜测定磷酸酯抗燃油、汽轮机油、变压器油及其他辅机用油的颗粒污染度的方法。本标准适用于测量磷酸酯抗燃油、汽轮机油、变压器油及其他各种辅机用油等油品的颗粒污染度。z2规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件,其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准,然而,鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的昀新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其昀新版本适用于本标准。GB/T7597电力用油(变压器油、汽轮机油)取样方法ISO11171液压传动液体中颗粒自动计数仪的校准Hydraulicfluidpower-CalibrationofautomaticparticlecountersforliquidsISO11500液压传动用遮光或自动计数仪测定液体中颗粒污染物Hydraulicfluidpower-Determinationofparticulatecontaminationbyautomaticcountingusingthelightextinctionz3实验室环境要求仪器的校准、样品的准备和测试应在洁净室中或净化工作台上进行。测试环境空气中,大于0.5µm的灰尘颗粒不得超过35万个/m3,大于5µm的灰尘颗粒不得超过3000个/m3。z4仪器及材料4.1通用仪器及材料4.1.1超声波清洗器:工作频率为20kHz~50kHz。4.1.2真空泵:真空度不小于86kPa,抽气速率30L/min。4.1.3过滤装置Ⅰ:法兰式过滤装置,供过滤清洁液用。4.1.4微孔滤膜:直径为50mm、孔径分别为0.8、0.45和0.3µm。4.1.5取样瓶:250mL玻璃瓶,具塞和塑料薄膜衬垫。4.1.6量筒:100mL。4.1.7石油醚:分析纯,沸程60℃~90℃。4.1.8甲苯(或二甲苯):分析纯。4.1.9异丙醇:分析纯。4.1.10除盐水或蒸馏水。4.2自动颗粒计数仪法仪器及材料4.2.1自动颗粒计数仪:根据遮光原理工作,在测试过程中能自动搅拌样品,不会产生颗粒沉降现象。4.2.2传感器:与自动颗粒计数仪配套使用,至少能测定粒径5µm的颗粒数量。4.3显微镜法仪器及材料4.3.1油污染度比较显微镜:具有单目双物镜光学系统,左右两个光路系统的放大倍率(50倍和150倍)应一致。具有可调节的透射和反射照明系统。能同时观察到油样试片和油污染度分级标准模板,目镜测微尺能计量5µm以上的颗粒,具有机械式转动工作台或移动尺,可扫描观测油样试片的全部有效过滤面积。4.3.2油污染度分级标准模板:标准模板污染级别按NAS1638颗粒污染度分级标准定级,参见附录A。标准模板上有4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11共8个污染级别模块,标准模板应由国家标准部门制作或由指4DL/T432—2007定的单位制作,经鉴定合格,统一提供使用。标准模板应有合格证,合格证上应注明下次校核时间。4.3.3过滤装置Ⅱ:M50过滤装置包括容量约为250mL的滤筒一个、夹紧装置一个、适合安放滤膜的砂芯滤板一个、锥形漏斗一个和容积为1000mL的真空抽滤瓶一个。4.3.4冲洗瓶:500mL。4.3.5玻璃培养皿:直径为100mm。4.3.6玻璃载片:70mm×70mm,厚度小于1.5mm。4.3.7玻璃盖片:70mm×70mm,厚度小于0.25mm。4.3.8平嘴镊子:其夹持部无锯齿。4.3.9香柏油:折光率为1.515。z5清洁液的制备及要求5.1清洁液的制备依次用孔径为0.8、0.45和0.3µm的滤膜过滤异丙醇、石油醚、甲苯和除盐水或蒸馏水等溶剂制得清洁液。5.2清洁液的要求5.2.1用于清洗仪器和玻璃器皿用的清洁液,每100mL中粒径大于5μm的颗粒不应多于100粒。5.2.2用于稀释样品及检验取样瓶用的清洁液,每100mL中粒径大于5μm的颗粒不应多于50粒。5.2.3矿物油宜选择石油醚、抗燃油宜选择甲苯为清洁液。z6取样瓶的准备6.1先将取样瓶、瓶盖、塑料薄膜衬垫按GB/T7597规定的方法清洗干净,再用清洁液冲洗至颗粒度指标达到本标准6.2的要求。6.2取样瓶的检验。向清洗后的取样瓶中注入占总容积45%~55%的清洁液,垫上薄膜,盖上瓶盖后充分摇动,用自动颗粒计数仪测定每100mL液体中粒径大于5µm的颗粒数,不应超过100粒。超过时应按本标准6.1重新冲洗取样瓶,直至颗粒数不超过100粒为止,或取样瓶的颗粒污染度比被取油样至少低两级。将颗粒数乘以注入瓶内清洁液体积与瓶总容积之比值,并将结果记录在取样瓶的标签上,作为该取样瓶的清洁级(即每100mL容积中所含粒径大于5µm颗粒的数量)。注:检验取样瓶所用的清洁液,应根据瓶的干燥程度选用。若取样瓶中有水存在,选用异丙醇;若取样瓶干燥,选用石油醚。6.3在经检验合格的取样瓶底部留有约10mL清洁液,在瓶盖与瓶口之间垫上薄膜,密封备用。z7取样7.1取样的基本原则应遵循GB/T7597的规定。7.2取样时,应先倒掉取样瓶中保留的少量清洁液,再取样。7.3从设备的取样阀取样时,应先用干净绸布沾取石油醚擦净阀口,再打开、关闭取样阀3次~5次以冲洗取样阀,并放出取样管路内存留的油(约7500mL)。在不改变通过取样阀液体流量的情况下,移走污油瓶,接入取样瓶取样200mL后,移走取样瓶,再关闭取样阀,盖好取样瓶。7.4从油桶中取样,取样装置应用0.45µm滤膜滤过的清洁液冲洗干净。取样前,将油桶顶部、上盖用绸布沾石油醚擦洗干净。用取样装置从油桶中抽取约5倍于取样管路容积的油样冲洗取样管路,冲洗油收集在废油瓶里。从油桶的上、中、下三个部位向清洁取样瓶取样共约200mL,盖好取样瓶。7.5油样应密封保存,测量时再启封。z8测试方法8.1自动颗粒计数仪法8.1.1方法概要自动颗粒计数仪依据遮光原理来测定油的颗粒污染度。当油样通过传感器时,油中颗粒会产生遮光,不同尺寸颗粒产生的遮光不同,转换器将所产生的遮光信号转换为电脉冲信号,再划分到按标准设置好的颗粒度尺寸范围内并计数。5—2007本方法适用于无可见颗粒样品的测试。8.1.2仪器的校准8.1.2.1校准:每年依据ISO11171校准一次自动颗粒计数仪及传感器;更换传感器元件时,也应依据ISO11171重新校准。8.1.2

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