Misunderstanding

21世纪大学实用英语（第一册）总主编翟象俊余建中陈永捷复旦大学出版社Unit1TextAMisunderstandingStarterBackgroundInformationTextUnderstandingLanguagePointsExercisesWritingHaveyoueverhadanexperienceinwhichyouaremisunderstoodorhavefailedtounderstandothers?backStarter:backListentothetext123456EnglishLanguage●mostwidelyused●1500s,fewerthan2millionpeoplespokeEnglish→GreatBritain.●Today,about400millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirnativelanguage.MostofthemliveinAustralia,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,andtheUnitedStates.●100millionpeoplelivingchieflyinBangladesh,India,Pakistan,andinmanyAfricancountriesspeakEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguage.●200millionpeopleprobablyknowatleastsomeEnglish.(Fromthe1998WorldBookMultimediaEncyclopedia)backAmericanEnglishAmericanEnglishisavarietyoftheEnglishlanguagespokenintheUnitedStates.AlthoughallAmericansdonotspeakthesameway,theirspeechhasenoughincommonthatAmericanEnglishcanberecognizedasavarietyofEnglishdistinctfromBritishEnglish,AustralianEnglish,andothernationalvarieties.AmericanEnglishhasgrownupwiththecountry.ItbegantodivergefromBritishEnglishduringitscolonialbeginningsandacquiredregionaldifferencesandethnicflavorduringthesettlementofthecontinent.TodayitinfluencesotherlanguagesandothervarietiesofEnglishbecauseitisthemediumbywhichtheattractionsofAmericanculture—itsliterature,motionpictures,andtelevisionprograms—aretransmittedtotheworld.backCharacteristicsofAmericanEnglishA.Pronunciation-[r]soundafterthevowel:barn,car,andfarther;-leaveoutasyllableinwords:secretary,factory,history,interesting;B.WordsBritishAmericancrisps→potatochips;chemist→drugstore;C.Spellinghonour→honor;labour→labor;(our→or)defence→defense,licence→license(c→s)Etc.backNewZealandNewZealandisacountryinthesouth-westernPacificOceanconsistingoftwolargeislands,theNorthIslandandtheSouthIsland,andnumeroussmallerislands.ItsMaori(毛利语的)nameisAotearoa,meaning“LandoftheLongWhiteCloud.”Language:EnglishCurrency:NewZealanddollarCapital:WellingtonPopulation:3,951,307(2003)Area:270,534sqkm/104,454sqmi.(FromMicrosoftEncartaReferenceLibrary2004)backAuckland奥克兰（新西兰北岛西北岸港市）back图为南半球最高的建筑物——天空塔。SkyTowerCalifornia加利福尼亚州（美国州名）back黄金之州，金州（TheGoldenState）州府：萨克拉门托（Sacramento）最大的城市：洛杉矶（LosAngeles）州长：阿诺德·施瓦辛格（ArnoldSchwarzenegger）1850年9月9日，第31个加入美国联邦backIHaveaDreamletfreedomringfromtheprodigioushilltopsofNewHampshire.LetfreedomringfromthemightymountainsofNewYork.LetfreedomringfromtheheighteningAllegheniesofPennsylvania.Letfreedomringfromthesnow-cappedRockiesofColorado.LetfreedomringfromthecurvaceousslopesofCalifornia.Butnotonlythat:LetfreedomringfromStoneMountainofGeorgia.LetfreedomringfromLookoutMountainofTennessee.LetfreedomringfromeveryhillandmolehillofMississippi.Fromeverymountainside,letfreedomring.MartinRutherKing,JrUnderstandingthetextThistextrelatessomerealstoriesabouthowmisunderstandingsarisewhenonefailstocatchtheEnglishwordcorrectly.TheauthorpresentsthreestoriesofmisunderstandingstoshowthemysteriesofEnglishlanguage.backReadingAnalysisTopicDetailsPart1(Para.1-3)MisunderstandingsmayoccuramongnativeEnglishspeakers.Apassengerwantedtotellthedriverthattherewasabumintherestroom.Thechangeoftheword“bum”into“bomb”causeda15milelongtrafficjam.AmanwhowantedtogotoOaklandfinallygottoAucklandbecausehefailedtogetthemeaningcorrectly.backTopicDetailsPart2(Para.4-5)Non-nativeEnglishspeakersaremoreoftenaffected.MisunderstandingsamongEnglish-speakingpeoplearecommon,buttheyoccurmorefrequentlyamongnon-nativeEnglishspeakers.AKoreanwoman’sfailuretounderstandthedifferencebetween“aplate”and“uplate”madeherwonderaboutherboss’squestionallday..backTopicDetailsPart3(Para.6)Whatshouldpeopledowhenmisunderstandingsoccur?Thebestthingpeoplecandoaboutmisunderstandingscausedbysimilar-soundingwordsisprobablyjustlaughandlearnfromthemistake.backLanguagePointsmisunderstanding:n.(anexampleof)wrongunderstanding误解，误会e.g.HerpoorFrenchoftenleadstomisunderstandingswhenshevisitsFrance.她的法语很差，因而她访问法国时常引起误会。misunderstand:vt.understandwrongly误解看来你误解了我在会上所说的话了。ItseemsthatyouhavemisunderstoodwhatIsaidatthemeeting.backuncombed:a.未梳理过的，蓬乱的Mary’shairwasuncombedandherfaceunwashedasshehurriedtothehospitalthismorning.今天早晨玛丽匆匆赶去医院时，她头发没梳，脸也没洗。comb:1.n.梳子2.vt.tidy,arrangeorstraighten(thehair,etc.)withacomb梳头发等赛莉仔细地梳了头发。Sallycombedherhaircarefully.backgeton:board(abus,atrain,etc.)登上（公共汽车、火车等）WhenIgotonthebus,Ifoundalltheseatswereoccupied.Theyfeltworriedwhentheyrealizedthattheyhadgotonthewrongtrain.我登上公共汽车时，发现所有的座位都有人了。当他们意识到乘错火车时，他们感到担心起来。backheadfor:gotowards向…走去；朝…行进TheshipwasheadingforBritain.Heheadedforthebusstop.这艘船正驶向英国。他向公共汽车站走去。back…hecouldridetoNewYorkwithoutpaying.……他便可以不付钱就乘车去纽约。介词without解释为“不、未”，其后跟动词时，须用V-ing形式e.g.Heunderstoodthemeaningofthewordwithoutlookingitupinadictionary.他不查词典就懂了那个词的意思。backtap:vt.hit(sb./sth.)lightlywithaquickshortblow,esp.toattractattention（尤指为吸引注意）轻拍，轻敲（某人或某物）Gracetappedonthedoorandwentin.Heturnedassomeonetappedhimontheshoulder.格雷斯轻轻地敲了一下门就进去了。有人拍了拍他的肩膀，他转过身来。英语中讲击打某人身上某一部位时，通常总是用介词引出那个部位。Therobbershithimovertheheadwithastone.backThatpassengertappedthepersonsittinginfrontofhim.