......【转】音乐英语词汇(基础知识,不知道的都来补习吧)vibration振动sound音tone音(乐音)musicaltone乐音noise噪音acoustics声学psychoacoustics心理声学frequency频率intensity强度time时间waveform波形pitch音高loudness响度duration时值timbre音色(tonecolororquality)tuningfork音叉puretone纯音complextone复音(compositetone)overtone(s)泛音(aliquottone,harmonics,flageolettone即upperpartials)overtoneseries泛音列......partial(s)分音(partialtone)fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)step音级(scalestep,degree)accidental(s)变音记号sharp升号flat降号double-sharp重升号double-flat重降号nature还原号intonation音准octave八度range音域(compass)(voice)register音区smallc小字组cgreatC大字组CcontraC大字二组Cunaccentedoctave小字组one-linedoctave小字一组(one-line)two-linedoctave小字二组(two-line)three-linedoctave小字三组(three-line)four-lineoctave小字四组(four-line)temperament乐律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)......justintonation纯律pitchname音名enharmonicnotes等音(whole)tone全音half-tone半音naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音chromatictone变化全音chromatichalf-tone变化半音notation记谱法staff乐谱trebleclef高音谱号bassclef低音谱号clef谱号(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符(wholenote,美)minim二分音符(halfnote,美)crotchet四分音符(quarternote,美)quaver八分音符(eighthnote,美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote,美)......demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-secondnote,美)hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote,美)dot附点doubledot复附点dottednote附点音符dottedrest附点休止符score总谱legerline(s)加线(ledgerline(s))head符头stem符干hook符尾(tail)space间line线tie延音线pause延长号(hold,fermata)bar小节(barline小节线,measure)legato连音,连奏staccato断音,断奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relativepitch相对音高(听觉)......absolutepitch绝对音高(听觉)sight-singing视唱fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音调唱名法lyra乐徽rhythm节奏rhythmicpattern节奏型accent重音syncopation切分音meter拍子(time)duplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)triplemeter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)commonmeter普通拍子(4/4)simplemeter(s)单拍子compoundmeter(s)复拍子compoundduplemeter(s)复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundtriplemeter(s)复三拍子(9/4,9/8)compoundquadruplemeter(s)复四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuplemeter五拍子timesignature拍号multi-meter变化拍子irregularmeter(不规则)混合拍子(7/4,11/7)......Metronome节拍机(M.M.=Malzel‘s~)duplet二连音triplet三连音quadruplet四连音quintuplet五连音sextuplet六连音septuplet七连音tempo速度dynamics力度tempomark(s)速度标记dynamicmark(s)力度标记mode调式(狭指教会调式;广指调式)scale音阶key调tonality调性atonality无调性bitonality双重调性polytonality多调性major大调minor小调keysignature调号pentatonic五声的......natural自然的melodic旋律的harmonic和声的whole-tone全音的chromatic半音的ascending上行descending下行scaledegree(调式)音级tonic(I)主音,主和弦supertonic(II)上主音,上主和弦mediant(III)中音,中音和弦subdominant(IV)下属音,下属和弦dominant(V)属音,属和弦submediant(VI)下中音,下中音和弦(super-dominant)leadingtone(VII)导音,导和弦(subtonic)brokenchord分解和弦alteredchord变和弦falsechord假和弦resolution解决relativekeys关系大小调parallelkeys同主音调interval音程melodicinterval旋律音程......harmonicinterval和声音程root根音(fundamental)scalestep音级(音级数:numberofscalestep)simpleinterval单音程compoundinterval复音程enharmonicintervals等音程inversion转位(complement)minor小(音程)major大(音程)perfect完全,纯(音程)augmented增(音程)diminished减(音程)double-augmented倍增(音程)double-diminished倍减(音程)unison同度,一度(prime)second二度third三度fourth四度fifth五度sixth六度seventh七度octave八度......ninth九度tenth十度eleventh十一度twelfth十二度tri-tone三全音diatonicinterval自然(音程)chromaticinterval变化(音程)consonant协和(音程、和弦)dissonant不协和(音程、和弦)chord和弦triad三和弦majortriad大三和弦minortriad小三和弦diminishedtriad减三和弦augmentedtriad增三和弦rootposition原位firstinversion第一转位secondinversion第二转位thirdinversion第三转位sixthchord六和弦sixth-fourchord四六和弦seventhchord七和弦......dominantseventhchord属七和弦diminishedseventhchord减七和弦ninthchord九和弦augmentedsixthchord增六和弦Added-sixthchord加六度和弦fourthchord四度和弦tone-cluster音簇harmony和声学harmonicanalysis和声分析functionalharmony功能和声modulation转调transposition移调chromaticscale半音阶diatonicscale自然音阶passingtone经过音neighboringtone辅助音(auxiliarytone,upperorlower)anticipation先现音suspension延留音ornament(s)装饰音trill颤音mordent波音(uppermordent)invertedmordent逆波音(lowermordent;早期称Schneller)doublemordent复波音......invertedturn回音arpeggio琶音melody旋律repetition重复unity统一variety变化variation变奏themewithvariation主题与变奏comparison对比augmentation展开climax高潮sequence模进melodicsequence旋律模进harmonicsequence和声模进melodicprogression旋律进行melodiccontour旋律轮廓motive动机development发展thematicmaterial主题材料phrase乐句phrasing分句period乐段......cadence终止perfectcadence完全终止imperfectcadence不完全终止halfcadence半终止authenticcadence正格终止plagalcadence变格终止interruptedcadence阻碍终止deceptivecadence伪终止musicalform曲式one-partform一段式,一部曲式binaryform二段式,二部曲式(AB)roundedbinaryform(有再现的)二段式ternaryform三段式,三部曲式(ABA)four-partform四段式five-partform五段式variationform变奏曲式(A,A1,A2,A3…)strophicform分节歌(a,a,a,a…)rondoform回旋曲式(ABACA)sonataform奏鸣曲式exposition呈示部development展开部recapitulation再现部......rondosonataform回旋奏鸣曲式movement乐章prelude前奏(曲)interlude间奏(曲)coda尾声trio三声中部cadanza华彩乐段musicalform体裁reduction改编(缩编)trio三重奏quartet四重奏quintet五重奏opera歌剧ballet芭蕾chorus合唱choir合唱团choralmusic合唱音乐cantata康塔塔mass弥撒oratorio清唱剧passion受难曲symphony交响曲concerto协奏曲......sonata奏鸣曲sonatina小奏鸣曲band军乐队bandmusic军乐etude练习曲march进行曲jazz爵士乐overture序曲ballata叙事曲intermezzo间奏曲waltz圆舞曲,华尔兹allemande阿勒曼德courante库朗特sarabande萨拉班德gigue吉格bourree布列polonaise波洛涅兹tarantella塔兰台拉govotte加沃特chaconne恰空passacaglia帕萨卡利亚capriccio随想曲......fantasia幻想曲lullaby摇篮曲tango探戈habanera哈巴涅拉madrigal牧歌choral众赞歌reguie