虚拟语气在从句中的用法1.主语从句中的用法(1)在以it为形式主语的复合句中,虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等,谓语动词用shouldbe型或be型虚拟式,在美国英语中常用be型虚拟式。如:It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这么做是很自然的事。Itisessentialthatweshouldtellherthenews.我们有必要告诉她这个消息。Itisimportantthatweshouldmakefulluseofourmineralresources.对我们来说,充分利用我国的矿产资源是重要的。Itisstrangethattheresultoftheexperimentshouldbeunsatisfactory.奇怪的是实验结果竟然如此令人不满意。Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。ItwasarrangedthatMrSamshouldgoandhelpBettie.他们作了安排,由萨姆先生去帮助贝蒂。(2)主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态,常用在Itis(was)desired(suggested,settled,proposed,recommended,requested,decided,etc.)that...句型中。Itissuggestedthatthequestionshouldbediscussedatthenextmeeting.有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题。Itisvitalthatheshouldbewarnedbeforeitistoolate.在还不太晚的时候警告他是非常必要的。IthasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeetshouldbepostponedtillnextFriday.已决定运动会延期到下星期五。Itwasrequestedthatavote(should)betaken.有人要求进行表决。2.在宾语从句中的用法(1)wish的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式①动词的过去式表示对现在情况的假设。如:Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.我真希望物价会下降。Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.我希望你不要再问这种愚蠢的问题。IwishIknewhisaddress.可惜我不知道他的地址。Iwishwecouldgowithhim.我们要是能跟他一起去该多好。②had+过去分词表示对过去情况的假设。如:IwishIhadknownitbefore.我真希望我预先知道这件事。Hewisheshehadn’tbeenrudetohisparents.他真希望他没有对父母无礼。Shewishedthatshehadstayedathome.她想那时要是留在家里就好了。IwishIcouldhavebeenthereyesterday.要是我昨天到过那里该多好。(2)wouldrather等的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式用wouldrather(=wouldsooner)和would(just)assoon(=wouldsooner)等表示愿望,但其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。如:Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我宁愿你明天来,而不是今天。IcoulddoitmyselfbutIwouldsooneryoudidit.我自己也可以做,但我宁愿你去做。Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethetruth.我倒想你本该把事实真相告诉我。(3)suggest等的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式①用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句,作为demand,order,prepose,request,require,suggest,arrange,insist,command,desire,advocate,maintain,urge,direct,move,prefer,arrange,recommend等词的宾语。如:TheexpertproposedthatTVshouldbeturnedoffatleastonefoureveryday.专家提议每天至少应该关掉电视一个小时。Theboardrecommendedthatthecompanyshouldinvestinthenewproperty.董事会建议公司投资新的房地产。ThecommitteehasgiveninstructionsthatthemanagershouldflytoNewYork.委员会已发出指示,要经理飞往纽约。SecretaryofWarEdwinM.StantonorderedthatJamesVanMetreshouldbereleased.陆军部长埃德温·M·斯坦顿命令将詹姆斯?范?米特释放。Heaskedthatthearrangementsbemadetohelpthemfinishthework.他要求做好安排,帮他们完成工作。Experimentsdemandthataccuratemeasurementsbemade.实验要求做到准确的计量。Sheinsistedthatwetakeupthematteratthemeeting.她坚持要求我们在会上谈这个问题。②有些动词,如think,expect,believe其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如:Ineverthoughtheshouldrefuse.我万没想到他会拒绝。Ihadnotexpectedthatthingsshouldturnoutlikethis.我没料到事情的结果竟是这样。3.在表语从句中的用法虚拟语气也可用在表语从句中。这种从句由that(可省略)所引导,其谓语是should+动词原形。句子主句中的主语常常是suggestion,proposal,idea,motion,order,recommendations,plan,impossibility,possibility等名词。如:Hissuggestionwasthateveryoneshouldhavemap.他的建议是每人发一张地图。Myideaisthattheelectronicdeviceshouldbetestedatonce.我的意见是这一电子器件要立即试验。在主句中作主语的名词常见的有:advice,aim,desire,idea,insistence,motion,necessity,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,regulation,requirement,suggestion,wish等。4.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法当与同位语从句同位的是suggestion等表示建议、计划、命令等的名词时,从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形,美国英语中常用动词原形。Theymadetherequestthattheproblemshouldbediscussedassoonaspossible.他们要求尽快讨论这个问题。Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedatonce.他命令工作马上开始。Theproposalthathe(should)bedismissedwassupportedatthemeeting.大会对开除他的提议表示了支持。5.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的用法①由连接词whether,if,evenif/though,whatever,soongas引导的状语从句,其谓语可用虚拟语气,即其谓语用动词原形。如:Whetherthefiguresbeaccurateornot,theyhavetoberechecked.不管那些数字准确与否,都得重新核对。Theearthispowerfulmagnetandallmagnetsbehavethesamewhethertheybelargeorsmall.地球是一个强大的磁体,而所有的磁体无论大小其作用都是一样的。Theyhavedecidedtobuildareservoir,whateverthedifficultiesmaybe.他们决心建造一座水库,不管有多少困难。Iwon’tletyouinwhoeveryoumaybe.无论你是谁我都不让进去。Howeverhardthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfillitontime.不管任务多么艰巨,我们必须按时完成。Ifthedefendantbefoundguilty,heshallhavetherightofappeal.如果被告被判有罪,他有权上诉。②倒装的让步状语从句中的虚拟语气。如:Comewhatmay,wewillgoahead.不管怎样,我们一定要前进。Howeverharditmayrain,weshallhavetogo.无论雨多大,我们都得走。(2)虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的用法以连接词asif引导的状语从句(谓语形式与wish后的宾语从句相同,be在第一、三人称可用was或were)。如:Youspeakasifyouhadreallybeenthere.你说的好像你真的去过那里。Lightoftenbehavesasthoughitweremadeofparticles.光的性状,常常有点儿像由粒子组成的。HespoketomeasifIwas(were)deaf.他跟我说话时就好像我是聋子似的。(3)虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法以lest,forfearthat和incase引出的状语从句(谓语多用should加动词原形构成)。如:Batteriesshouldbekeptindryplaceslestelectricityshouldleakaway.电池应放在干燥的地方,以免漏电。Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatitshouldbedamaged.他小心地弄那仪器,生怕把它弄坏。I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.我给你留一个位子,说不定你会改变主意。6.虚拟语气在itistime后的定语从句中的用法虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,这种从句常用在itis(high,about)time(that)...句型中。定语从句常用虚拟过去式。如:Itistimewestarted.我们该出发了。Itistimewesettowork.我们该着手工作了。Itistimeweleft.我们该走了。Itistimeweshouldleave.我们该走了。ItistimeIwereoff.我该走了。It’shightimetheweatherimproved.天气真该好起来了。但要注意:位于time之前的high起着强调“为时稍晚”的作用。在非真实条件句中的用法1.非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式条件从句结果从句与现在事实相反IfI(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式(be的过去式用were)I(we)should.Youwould.Hewould.Theywould+动词原形与过去事实相反IfI(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词I(we)should.Youwould.Hewould.Theywould+have+动词原形与将来事实可能相反IfI(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式(be的过去式用were)/wereto/shouldI(we)should.Youwould.Hewould.Theywould+动词原形但要注意:美国英语的结果主句,不管什么人称,皆常用would。2.与现在事实相反的非真实条件句虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反条件句中时,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were