托福阅读推断题要点在于理清逻辑

托福阅读推断题要点在于理清逻辑托福阅读推断题要点在于理清逻辑托福阅读推断题好象是托福阅读里面比较容易的一种题目。搞定推断题的要点其实只有一个，那就是理清作者的逻辑。接下来前程百利我为考生带来例题。在看懂每句话句义的基础上，还需要的是明白前后句之间的关系，了解它们在作者的论证或者叙述中所起的作用，在此之后，阅读选项，直接选出正确选项，或者排除所有错误选项得到正确选项就好。来看几个例子。【例1】Paragraph1:Groundwateristhewordusedtodescribewaterthatsaturatestheground,fillingalltheavailablespaces.Byfarthemostabundanttypeofgroundwaterismeteoricwater;thisisthegroundwaterthatcirculatesaspartofthewatercycle.Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintothegroundfromthesurface,fromprecipitation(rainandsnow)andfromlakesandstreams.Thereitremains,sometimesforlongperiods,beforeemergingatthesurfaceagain.Atfirstthoughtitseemsincrediblethattherecanbeenoughspaceinthe―solid‖groundunderfoottoeholdallthiswater.1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutthegroundthatwewalkon?○Itcannotholdrainwaterforlongperiodsoftime.○Itpreventsmostgroundwaterfromcirculating.○Ithasthecapacitytostorelargeamountsofwater.○Itabsorbsmostofthewateritcontainsfromrivers.这个题目其实只需要关注段落中的最后一句就可以了，因为这是唯一一句据提到了“我们脚下的土地”的，句中说，‘乍一想起来，我们脚下结实的土地居然能有空间容纳这么多的水，这似乎有点不可思议。’这句中透露的一个事实就是，我们脚下的土地就是能容纳这么多水，于是C选项正确。【例2】Paragraph1:Thetransitionfromforesttotreelesstundraonmountainslopeisoftenadramaticone.Withinaverticaldistanceofjustanewtensofmeters,treesdisappearasalife-formandarereplacedbylowshrubs,herbs,andgrasses.Thisrapidzoneoftransitioniscalledtheuppertimberlineortreeline.Inmanysemiaridareasthereisalsoalowertimberlinewheretheforestpassesintosteppeordesertatitsloweredge,usuallybecauseofalackofmoisture.3.Whichofthefollowingcaneinferredfromparagraph1aboutboththeupperandlowertimberlines?○Botharetreelesszones.○Bothmarkforestboundaries.○Botharesurroundedbydesertareas.○Bothsufferfromalackofmoisture.段落中已经说明，uppertimberline是树林的上端与草地、灌木丛的分界线，而lowertimberline是树林下端与草原或是沙漠的分界线，于是upperandlowertimberlines的共同点就是，他们都是树林与其他地区的分界线，也就是树林的边界，B选项正确。【例3】Paragraph5:Eventhekindofstabilitydefinedassimplelackofchangeisnotalwaysassociatedwithmaximumdiversity.Atleastintemperatezones,maximumdiversityisoftenfoundinmid-successionstages,notintheclimaxcommunity.Oncearedwoodforestmatures,forexample,thekindsofspeciesandthenumberofindividualsgrowingontheforestfloorarereduced.Ingeneral,diversity,byitself,doesnotensurestability.Mathematicalmodelsofecosystemslikewisesuggestthatdiversitydoesnotguaranteeecosystemstability—justtheopposite,infact.Amorecomplicatedsystemis,ingeneral,morelikelythanasimplesystemtobreakdown.Afifteen-speedracingbicycleismorelikelytobreakdownthanchild’stricycle.7.Whichofthefollowingcaneinferredfromparagraph5aboutredwoodforests?○Theybecomelessstableastheymature.○Theysupportmanyspecieswhentheyreachclimax.○Theyarefoundintemperatezones.○Theyhavereduceddiversityduringmid-successionalstages.这个题目其实我在最初做的时候没有选出答案，因为A,B,D都明显有问题：A正好说反了，生态系统成熟之后会更稳定;B也不对，段落中已经明说红树林在顶峰时多样性已经下降了;D也正好跟文意相反，过渡时期是生态系统多样性处于顶峰的时间。但是最初我觉得C似乎没被提到过，于是就没选出来，后来才发现了专讲红树林的那句与上句之间有个坑人的“forexample”的关系，于是红树林肯定是属于上一句所提到的temperatezone里的，C选项正确。【例4】Paragraph2:Oneofthemostpuzzlingaspectsofthepaintingsistheirlocation.Otherrockpaintings—forexample,thoseofBushmeninSouthAfrica—areeitherlocatednearcaveentrancesorcompletelyintheopen.CavepaintingsinFranceandSpain,however,areinrecessesandcavernsfarremovedfromoriginalcaveentrances.Thismeansthatartistswereforcedtoworkincrampedspacesandwithoutsourcesofnaturallight.Italsoimpliesthatwhoevermadethemdidnotwantthemtobeeasilyfound.Sincecavedwellersnormallylivedclosetoentrances,theremusthavebeensomereasonwhysomanygenerationsofLascauxcavedwellershidtheirart.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutcavepaintersinFranceandSpain?○Theyalsopaintedrocksoutsidecaves.○Theydidnotliveclosetithecaveentrances.○Theydevelopedtheirownsourcesoflighttousewhilepainting.○Theirpaintingpracticesdidnotlastformanyyears.此题似乎异常简单，段落中有一句“Thismeansthatartistswereforcedtoworkincrampedspacesandwithoutsourcesofnaturallight.”画家们作画的时候必须在狭窄的、没有自然光源的空间里作画，于是推断出西班牙与法国的壁画画家已经是有某种自然光源以外的光源，C选项正确。